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This book is part of a set of books which offers advanced students successive characterization tool phases, the study of all types of phase (liquid, gas and solid, pure or multi-component), process engineering, chemical and electrochemical equilibria, and the properties of surfaces and phases of small sizes. Macroscopic and microscopic models are in turn covered with a constant correlation between the two scales. Particular attention has been paid to the rigor of mathematical developments. This sixth volume is made up of two parts. The first part focuses on the study of ionic equilibria in water or non-aqueous solvents. The following are then discussed in succession: the dissociation of electrolytes, solvents and solvation, acid-base equilibria, formation of complexes, redox equilibria and the problems of precipitation. Part 2 discusses electrochemical thermodynamics, with the study of two groups: electrodes and electrochemical cells. The book concludes with the study of potential-pH diagrams and their generalization in an aqueous or non-aqueous medium.
Covering the essential aspects of the corrosion behavior of metals in aqueous environments, this book is designed with the flexibility needed for use in courses for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, for concentrated courses in industry, for individual study, and as a reference book.
Written through a collaboration of expert faculty and medical students from Harvard Medical School, this innovative text delivers a straightforward and clear overview of the major principles, agents, and processes governing human physiology. Emphasis is on understanding the higher-order processes in each organ system. Concepts in Medical Physiology avoids long lists of unprioritized information and undefined jargon by presenting fresh concept diagrams and figures alongside clear explanations of quantitative concepts. It can function equally well as a primary resource or as a review. Eight major sections, comprising a total of 36 chapters, cover general principles, muscle and bone, blood and the immune system, cardiovascular physiology, pulmonary physiology, renal physiology, gastrointestinal physiology, and endocrine physiology. Many useful features simplify mastery of difficult concepts: Case studies for each major section present detailed cases with signs and symptoms, history, and laboratory data. Questions at the conclusion of each case reinforce important clinical concepts. Reviews of cell biology, basic science, and biochemistry refresh students on the foundations of physiological knowledge. Clinical Application boxes draw the connection between physiology to practical issues students face and help with preparation for the USMLE. Pathophysiology sections are featured in every chapter. Review questions with answers in each chapter aid in preparation for the examination. Integrative Physiology inserts highlight how specific systems, organs, and tissues work together. More than 350 illustrations aid with visual learning, including original schematic diagrams, photos, and tables. Concept-focused summaries conclude each chapter for more effective learning and review. Suggested readings in every chapter provide a valuable resource for further investigation in physiological and clinical ideas.
This book of general analytical chemistry – as opposed to instrumental analysis or separation methods – in aqueous solutions is focuses on fundamentals, which is an area too often overlooked in the literature. Explanations abound of the chemical and physical principles of different operations of chemical analysis in aqueous solutions. Once these principle are firmly established, numerous examples of applications are also given.
Electrochemistry plays a key role in a broad range of research and applied areas including the exploration of new inorganic and organic compounds, biochemical and biological systems, corrosion, energy applications involving fuel cells and solar cells, and nanoscale investigations. The Handbook of Electrochemistry serves as a source of electrochemical information, providing details of experimental considerations, representative calculations, and illustrations of the possibilities available in electrochemical experimentation. The book is divided into five parts: Fundamentals, Laboratory Practical, Techniques, Applications, and Data. The first section covers the fundamentals of electrochemistry which are essential for everyone working in the field, presenting an overview of electrochemical conventions, terminology, fundamental equations, and electrochemical cells, experiments, literature, textbooks, and specialized books. Part 2 focuses on the different laboratory aspects of electrochemistry which is followed by a review of the various electrochemical techniques ranging from classical experiments to scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminesence and spectroelectrochemistry. Applications of electrochemistry include electrode kinetic determinations, unique aspects of metal deposition, and electrochemistry in small places and at novel interfaces and these are detailed in Part 4. The remaining three chapters provide useful electrochemical data and information involving electrode potentials, diffusion coefficients, and methods used in measuring liquid junction potentials. * serves as a source of electrochemical information * includes useful electrochemical data and information involving electrode potentials, diffusion coefficients, and methods used in measuring liquid junction potentials * reviews electrochemical techniques (incl. scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminesence and spectroelectrochemistry)
Electric currents and electromagnetic fields have been applied to biological systems, particularly humans, with both therapeutic and pathological results. This text discusses biological responses to electric currents and electromagnetic fields, including medical applications and shock hazards. It covers fundamental physical and engineering principles of responses to short-term electrical exposure and emphasises human reactions, although animal responses are considered as well, and the treatment covers reactions from the just-detectable to the clearly detrimental. An important new chapter discusses standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields and electric current and demonstrates how these standards have been developed using the principles treated in earlier chapters.
Defects play an important role in determining the properties of solids. This book provides an introduction to chemical bond, phonons, and thermodynamics; treatment of point defect formation and reaction, equilibria, mechanisms, and kinetics; kinetics chapters on solid state processes; and electrochemical techniques and applications. * Offers a coherent description of fundamental defect chemistry and the most common applications. * Up-to-date trends and developments within this field. * Combines electrochemical concepts with aspects of semiconductor physics.
Due to the pressing needs of society, low cost materials for energy devices have experienced an outstanding development in recent times. In this highly multidisciplinary area, chemistry, material science, physics, and electrochemistry meet to develop new materials and devices that perform required energy conversion and storage processes with high efficiency, adequate capabilities for required applications, and low production cost. Nanostructured Energy Devices: Equilibrium Concepts and Kinetics introduces the main physicochemical principles that govern the operation of energy devices. It includes coverage of the physical principles that control energy devices made of nanostructured and bulk materials, with the main attention focused on solution processed thin film technologies. The book analyzes the fundamental concepts, main properties, and key applications of energy devices that are made using nanostructured materials and innovative thin film low cost technologies. This includes hybrid and organic solar cells, electrochemical batteries, diodes, LEDs and OLEDs, transistors, and the direct conversion of solar radiation to chemical fuels. It decodes rigorous formulation of thermodynamic concepts to establish energy diagrams, and explains also the fundamental kinetic models that determine the flow of electrons and ions in the device. The author lays out the main properties of semiconductors and their junctions for applications in solar cell and solar fuel devices. He emphasizes a unified view of the device operation principles that covers well-known examples but also enables you to discuss original research topics on a solid ground. Although a challenging field of science and technology, energy devices such as solar cells and batteries have the potential to impact the creation of a carbon-free energy economy. However, the field draws scientists from a broad set of backgrounds, united towards common goals. This text presents the main concepts that apply to several types of devices, from a very basic level so that you can gain insight into the general view of principles of operation of the energy devices. It pulls together the views and terminologies used by several communities to create better communication and increased collaboration among them.
'Sensors' is the first self-contained series to deal with the whole area of sensors. It describes general aspects, technical and physical fundamentals, construction, function, applications and developments of the various types of sensors. This is the first of two volumes focusing on chemical and biochemical sensors providing definitions, typical examples of chemical and biochemical sensors and historical remarks. It describes chemical sensor technologies and interdisciplinary tasks in the design of chemical sensors. The major part consists of a description of basic sensors. They include electrolyte sensors, solid electrolyte sensors, electronic conductivity and capacitance sensors, field effect sensors, calorimetric sensors, optochemical sensors, and mass sensitive sensors. This volume is an indispensable reference work for both specialists and newcomers, researchers and developers.
Metabolism of the Nervous System contains the proceedings of the 2nd International Neurochemical Symposium, held at Aarhus, Denmark, in July 1956. The book discusses the molecular structure and morphology of the adult nervous tissue; the chemical composition and cytochemical localization of adult nervous tissue; and the permeability and blood-brain barrier. The text also describes topics on electrolytes and nervous conduction; the metabolism of isolated nerve and ganglion; and the metabolism of the brain in vivo. The metabolism of brain tissue preparations in vitro; energy metabolism and coenzymes in relation to the nervous system; and lipid and fatty acid metabolism are also considered. The book further tackles nucleic acid metabolism; protein and amino acid metabolism; and cholinergic and non-cholinergic transmission. The text also discusses other pharmacologically active compounds related to the adult nervous tissue.