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Many physiological processes are regulated by the movement of ions into and out of organs, tissues, and cells. During the past decade, a variety of new techniques and approaches have contributed to a deeper understanding of the myriad influences ions have on the function and structure of organisms. From respiration and excretion to neurological control and metabolic processing, ions and their regulation occupy a central role in physiology of fish as well as other organisms. - Comprehensive update of ionic regulation in fish - Focuses on wide variety of organ systems and the influence of ions on organ system function - Contributions from an international group
By living in a 'world of water' fish are exposed to major challenges in maintaining water homeostasis. These are opposite in nature for fish living in marine and freshwater milieus; however, in both cases threatening, obligatory water fluxes due to global osmotic gradients must be compensated by opposite fluxes, driven by body fluid filtration and/or locally created osmotic gradients. In general, water may pass epithelia that are hydrophobic in nature by para- and/or transcellular pathways, the former mainly defined by the characteristics of tight junctions, the latter determined by the combined permeability of apical and baso-lateral cellular membranes. Transcellular water transport may occur by simple diffusion through lipid bilayers or become markedly improved by insertion of plasma membrane integral channel proteins of the Aquaporin (AQP) family. In mammals, 13 AQP subfamilies are present and several of these have been investigated structurally and functionally in >5000 publications since their discovery in 1992 by Agre and colleagues. The first paper on AQPs in fish appeared in 2000 (Cutler and Cramb) but surprisingly few papers have addressed AQPs in fishes and other non-mammalian vertebrate classes since then. In zebrafish, 18 genes encode AQPs with homology to all but a few of the mammalian isoforms. Only few of these isoforms have been studied to some extent in this and other species. AQPs most certainly play distinct osmoregulatory roles in fish as they do in mammals - both at the cellular and organismal level. However, there is a considerable lack of information from the fish world on this topic. At present, only ca. 50 papers have addressed AQPs in fish - most of these being concerned with basic investigations of isoform expression in various tissues of different teleosts. This Research Topic will bring together original information as well as bring the field up-to-date on topics related to 'Aquaporins in fish - expression, localization and functional dynamics', hopefully thereby stimulating new research in this area. Contributions within the following areas are welcomed: • Molecular biology of water transport • AQP physiology and functionality (in vitro and in vivo studies) • Cellular and subcellular localization of AQPs • AQPs and cellular volume regulation/osmosensing • AQPs and transepithelial water transport in kidney tubules and intestinal segments • Endocrine regulation of AQPs • Cellular trafficking of AQPs • Pharmacological inhibition of AQPs • The role of AQPs in handling "non-water" substances (toxic, waste etc.) • Mini-reviews identifying areas of special interest.
Studies on the colon not only serve medical interest or clinical purposes, but are also a highly interesting subject of comparative physiology, from which we can learn much about the basic principles in physiology. Presented here are examples of research on colonic ion transport of each vertebrate group, including the classical models of epithelia, rat and rabbit, and also on the special and unique features in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and selected mammals such as the guinea pig. Physiology and pathophysiology of ion transport in the human large intestine are as well covered as the use of colonic cell cultures as model systems for crypt cell properties.
The aim of this symposium was to provide a framework for fruitful discussion on intestinal transport, not only for advanced scientists but also for younger people starting in this field of research. Invited lectures, communications and poster presentations were focused on four central themes, all treating the prop erties of the sole intestinal epithelium, deliberately leaving aside problems dealing with more integrative functions of the whole intestine. The importance of motility or blood circulation, for instance, is certainly capital in the overall intestinal function, but these aspects by themselves deserve another meeting. This volume has compiled the manuscripts of the invited lectures which sub stantially comprised the four sessions of the Symposium. Part 1 is designed to emphasize actual knowledge of the transport of water, inorganic as well as organic ions and molecules across the isolated intestinal epithelium. An enormous wave of investigations has emerged from studies per formed with "Ussing chambers", which roused interest in studies on absorption mechanisms and subsequently on secretory processes. This has triggered off a trend to research on isolated cells as absorption and secretion are the main func tion of the different cell types constituting the intestinal epithelium. In this first session not only the importance of the parallel arrangement of these different cellular entities is stressed, but also the role played by the paracellular route.
Fish lives in environments with a wide variety of chemical characteristics (fresh, brackish and seawater, acidic, alkaline, soft and hard waters). From an osmoregulatory point of view, fish have developed several mechanisms to live in these different environments. Fish osmoregulation has always attracted considerable attention and in the last years several studies have increased our knowledge of this physiological process. In this book several specialists have analyzed and reviewed the new data published regarding fish osmoregulation. The chapters present an integrative synthesis of the different aspects of this field focusing on osmoregulation in specific environments or situations, function of osmoregulatory organs, general mechanisms and endocrine control. In addition, interactions of osmoregulatory mechanisms with the immune system, diet and metabolism were also reviewed. New emerging techniques to study osmoregulation has also been analysed.
New scientific approaches have dramatically evolved in the decade since The Physiology of Fishes was first published. With the genomic revolution and a heightened understanding of molecular biology, we now have the tools and the knowledge to apply a fresh approach to the study of fishes. Consequently, The Physiology of Fishes, Third Edition is not merely another updating, but rather an entire reworking of the original. To satisfy that need for a fresh approach, the editors have employed a new set of expert contributors steeped in the very latest research; their contemporary perspective pervades the entire text. In addition to new chapters on gas transport, temperature physiology, and stress, as well as one dedicated to functional genomics, readers will discover that many of these new contributors approach their material with a contemporary molecular perspective. While much of the material is new, the editors have completely adhered to the original’s style in creating a text that continues to be highly readable and perpetually insightful in bridging the gap between pure and applied science. The Physiology of Fishes, Third Edition, completely updated with a molecular perspective, continues to be regarded as the best single-volume general reference on all major areas of research in fish physiology. The Physiology of Fishes, Third Edition provides background information for advanced students as well as material of interest to marine and fisheries biologists, ichthyologists, and comparative physiologists looking to differentiate between the physiological strategies unique to fishes, and those shared with other organisms.
Following the success of the bestselling third edition, this newly updated and completely revised fourth edition of The Physiology of Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of the most important aspects of the form and function of fishes. It covers the most recent advances as well as fundamental subjects such as cardiovascular physiology, intestinal transport, and gill ion uptake. Written by an international group of experts, this book contains fresh approaches, with completely new treatment of the original topics and the addition of new chapters: Muscle plasticity Membranes and Metabolism Oxygen Sensing Endocrine Disruption Pain Perception Cardiac Regeneration Neuronal Regeneration Two decades after the publication of the first edition, this book remains the only published single-volume work on fish physiology. Each chapter contains an extensive bibliography, providing readers with the best sources from the primary literature. The fourth edition provides an important reference for aquatic biologists, ichthyologists, fisheries scientists, and comparative physiologists.
The Multifunctional Gut of Fish provides a comprehensive synthesis and an integrative overview of the range of gut functions and their implications for organismal physiology. The highly diversified anatomy and functions of the gut, including nutrient uptake, immune barrier function, salt and water homeostasis and respiration, as well as neuroendocrine actions and control are covered in detail by leading authors. In addition, this volume explores the pronounced implications of gut function for whole animal integrative physiology and compensatory demands for non-gastrointestinal organs. As the first comprehensive reference to discuss the diverse morphological and functional adaptations of the gut, this volume provides an excellent resource for comparative physiologists, aquaculturists and biomedical researchers employing fish as model organisms for mammalian physiology. - Includes chapters dedicated to anatomical and functional features of the gastro-intestinal tract of fish as well as integrative aspects of gut organ function - Includes in depth coverage of recently recognized implications of feeding on salt homeostasis and acid-base balance - Provides syntheses of implications of gut function for homeostasis - Essential text for those interested in the wide diversity of functions performed by the gut
A very good piece of work, I assure you, and a merry. -Now, good Peter Quince, call forth your actors by the scroll. -Masters, spread yourselves. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Act 1, Sc. 2 This volume is the outcome of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in August 1979 at Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada. About 130 participants from all the countries of the aJiiance as well as India and Japan attended this event which lasted two weeks. Seventeen of these participants had been invited to present reviews of chosen topics, usually in their specialty. This book is constituted mainly of these presentations, which were prepared as chapters. In addition, six of the participants, whose seminars were found to complement the main chapters, were coopted by the invited lectures/authors to provide additional chapters. Although a lecture was given on electric fields, a chapter on this matter is unfortunately absent due to the lack of preparation time. One may say that Environmental Physiology of Fishes as a discipline originated in Canada. Having been involved as a teacher and worker in this field since 19 54, it was but natural that I was tempted to organise an ASI and get a volume out on the matter. I was encouraged by discussions with colleagues and the acceptance on the part of a large number of eminent colleagues to attend the ASI, deliver lectures and write chapters.