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Despite heavy municipal spending on solid waste management, most cities fail to provide efficient, reliable, universal collection services or environmentally safe disposal - at high costs to public health and the environment. Bank lending should emphasize strategic service planning, better institutional arrangements, more efficient management and finances, and environmental protection.
The EIB performs economic appraisals of the projects it considers for investment. Thereby, it ensures that projects add sufficient value to society to merit support. Beyond considerations of financial profitability to investors, the economic appraisal also addresses the wider value generated by the project to society. This comprises benefits and costs to project final users, the taxpayer and third parties, allowing for all applicable market failures, such as environmental externalities. Since the publication of the first edition of this document in 2013, the EIB has been transformed into the EU Climate Bank. The way it values carbon emissions has been updated, as have various other elements of economic appraisal, in keeping with developments in the specialist literature, policy and practice. This second edition of the document gives the reader an updated view of how economic appraisal is currently conducted at the Bank. It also mentions the areas on which the EIB is currently working to ensure that it is at the forefront of economic appraisal practice.
Safe and effective management of solid waste generated by the community and governmental as well as commercial institutions is the need of the hour. This compact book describes how to avoid, minimize and manage solid waste and discusses models which, if implemented, can solve many of the current solid waste problems. The text discusses the various sources of waste generation, composition of solid waste and the need for designing a strategic plan for solid waste management. It explains the importance of public involvement, and public awareness in managing solid waste besides giving an account of solid waste management hierarchy. In addition, the text describes in detail factors to be considered while developing a waste management programme, techniques for the recovery, reuse or recycling of solid waste, techniques of composting, and how to manage special wastes such as bio-medical waste, plastic, and e-waste. Case Studies of selected municipal corporations lend a practical flavour to the book. The book is intended as a text for B.Tech. (Civil/Chemical Engineering) and M.Tech. (Civil/Environment Engineering, Environmental Science). Besides, it will be quite handy for consultants in solid waste management, environmental engineers, and municipal corporations.
This book compiles many different treatment options and best practices for the treatment and recycling of municipal solid waste from all over the globe, factoring in cost-effectiveness, sanitation, and environmental degradation. Important to professors, researchers, students, policymakers, and municipal offices, this informed book looks into innovative waste management systems from a number of developing countries, which may prove useful to developed countries of the world as well. This book is unique in that it focuses on state-of-the-art urban solid waste management and future trends.
This regional report is the product of the joint efforts of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the Inter-American Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (AIDIS). The report assesses solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the year 2010, and is the result of a year-long research and information analysis project supported by governmental agencies, NGOs, and universities from several countries of the region.