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The research program investigated non-equilibrium plasmas with a variety of simple gases for the purpose of obtaining experimental data that can be used to anchor analytical models of flowing plasmas suitable for various electric propulsion devices. A microwave plasma generator(MPG) operating. at .2.45GHz and 3kW was the initial source of the plasmas. The working fluids included: argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The research also included investigation of several MHD devices placed at the outlet of the MPG to accelerate the plasmas to velocities of interest for propulsion so that the plasma plume data could be obtained in representative environments. Diagnostic methods included Langmuir probes and a Rayleigh scattering technique. The latter experienced poor signal to noise ratios that are believed to be a result of the small vacuum bell jar in which the experiments were conducted. Electron densities and other key parameters are presented for the range of working fluids and acceleration devices.
This book deals with the physics of low temperature plasmas of atomic and molecular gases. Several diagnostic methods for nonequilibrium plasma are described. The relevant elementary processes governing the kinetics and transport of atomic and chemically active molecular plasmas are discussed and numerical models of plasmas aimed at systematically solving MHD-equations are also presented. Intended for use by scientists and engineers active in various fields of low-temperature plasma physics, this book is also suitable for teachers and students at pre- and postgraduate level. In chapter 1 general problems of the elementary physics of plasma are considered and the principal ideas relating to plasma properties are given. In chapter 2 the principles which form the basis of atomic and molecular spectra radiated by a plasma are briefly described. Chapter 3 reviews experimental material associated with the peculiarities of molecular excitation processes in nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma. In chapter 4 a number of problems related to the technique and methods of spectroscopy are considered. Chapter 5 presents experimental material gained from studying the peculiarities of molecular excitation spectra from low-pressure gas discharges and describes diagnostics for nonequilibrium chemically active plasma. In chapter 6 the problems of mathematical modeling of equilibrium plasma in arcs, microwave and optical discharges are analyzed. In chapter 7, a theoretical description of nonequilibrium plasma in electrical arcs, microwave and radio-frequency discharges based on two-temperature approximation of the plasma parameters is offered. Chapter 8 presents a detailed case-study on the transport and excitation of a magnetized plasma of intermediate electron density. Several diagnostic techniques and models introduced in earlier chapters are used to obtain information on plasma properties.