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In 1943, a course in linear algebra did not yet exist as a standard part of the undergraduate curriculum. It would be another twenty years before that would become common. It is, however, easy to identify the defining features of that course in this volume. Start with the idea of solving linear systems; change the point of view to that of transformations on vector spaces; recognize similarity as an essential classifying principle; and catalogue the canonical forms (Jordan normal form) of the transformations. All of this is here but with a decided, old-fashioned, algebraic accent—there is only one figure in the entire text.
Matric algebra is a mathematical abstraction underlying many seemingly diverse theories. Thus bilinear and quadratic forms, linear associative algebra (hypercomplex systems), linear homogeneous trans formations and linear vector functions are various manifestations of matric algebra. Other branches of mathematics as number theory, differential and integral equations, continued fractions, projective geometry etc. make use of certain portions of this subject. Indeed, many of the fundamental properties of matrices were first discovered in the notation of a particular application, and not until much later re cognized in their generality. It was not possible within the scope of this book to give a completely detailed account of matric theory, nor is it intended to make it an authoritative history of the subject. It has been the desire of the writer to point out the various directions in which the theory leads so that the reader may in a general way see its extent. While some attempt has been made to unify certain parts of the theory, in general the material has been taken as it was found in the literature, the topics discussed in detail being those in which extensive research has taken place. For most of the important theorems a brief and elegant proof has sooner or later been found. It is hoped that most of these have been incorporated in the text, and that the reader will derive as much plea sure from reading them as did the writer.
A revision of McCoy's classic text, Introductory Abstract Algebra, Sixth Edition, retains the goals of earlier editions by providing the key information for a first course in abstract algebra in an easily understood, digestible manner. The material in the sixth edition is kept at approximately the same level as that in the previous editions with a number of comments, remarks, and exercises that point students toward more advanced topics. Rings are presented before groups because the ring of integers is already known to students and easily serves as a source of examples.
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This book marks the 25th anniversary of the execution of Nigerian activist and written Ken Saro-Wiwa. The 21 essays, by international contributors, and 42 poems by new and established poets, are inspired by his ideals and activism. The volume includes contributions by people intimately connected with Saro-Wiwa. His brother Dr Owens Wiwa recounts how his older brother awakened and nurtured his awareness of the tremendous damage Royal Dutch Shell was doing to their homeland, in collaboration with the then Nigerian military government. His firsthand account of the brutality of the military government and its impact; his unsuccessful efforts to save the life of his brother; his time in hiding and subsequent escape, with his family, from Nigeria and his efforts to retrieve the remains of his brother for burial, makes for very moving reading. Likewise, Noo Saro-Wiwa shares her story of growing up in England with strong links to family in Nigeria, and the trauma of hearing of her father's execution while at University. Maynooth University, where the editor works as Deputy Librarian, holds the death row correspondence from Ken Saro-Wiwa to Sister Majella McCarron. McCarron provides two personal essays. One, a reflection on the events that shaped her work with Saro-Wiwa in Nigeria and her subsequent efforts to save the lives of the Ogoni 9: the second essay explores her experience as a table observer of the Shell to Sea campaign, which strove to have gas, discovered off the west coast of Ireland, refined at sea rather than inland. The damage that Shell has caused in Ogoni and the issue of redress are topics addressed in essays by experts including Mark Dummett, of Amnesty International, who investigated how Shell and other oil companies have caused or contributed to human rights abuses through their operations in the Niger Delta. Daniel Leader, a barrister and partner at Leigh Day's international law department, the firm who have led a number of ground breaking human rights cases, including a series of cases against Shell on behalf of Nigerian communities, explores the issue of legal redress. Architect, environmental activist, author and poet Nnimmo Bassesy's wide ranging essay presents Saro-Wiwa as activist and writer and creator of the Ogoni Bill of Rights, against the backdrop of the UNEP report of the Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland, which recorded that drinking water in Ogoni had benzene, a carcinogen, at over 900 times the level permitted, and the i