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French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France located on the northeastern coast of South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west. The capital of French Guiana is Cayenne, and the largest city is Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. French Guiana has a population of approximately 300,000 people, who are mostly of mixed African and European descent. French Guiana has a tropical climate, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The region is known for its biodiversity, with a large number of plant and animal species found only in French Guiana. French Guiana is considered to be one of the wealthiest and most developed countries in South America. The economy is primarily based on the export of natural resources, such as gold, oil, and timber. The government of French Guiana is heavily subsidized by France, which provides funding for education, healthcare, and social services. French Guiana is also home to the Guiana Space Centre, which is a rocket launch site that is jointly operated by the French government and the European Space Agency. Overall, French Guiana is a unique and culturally rich region of South America that is known for its natural beauty and economic prosperity.
Proposing a new methodological approach to documenting languages spoken in multilingual societies, this book retraces the investigation of one unique linguistic space, the Creole varieties referred to as Takitaki in multilingual French Guiana. It illustrates how interactional sociolinguistic, anthropological linguistic, discourse analytical and quantitative sociolinguistic approaches can be integrated with structural approaches to language in order to resolve rarely discussed questions systematically (what are the outlines of the community, who is a rightful speaker, what speech should be documented) that frequently crop up in projects of language documentation in multilingual contexts. The authors argue that comprehensively documenting complex linguistic phenomena requires taking into account the views of all local social actors (native and non-native speakers, institutions, linguists, non-speakers, etc.), applying a range of complementary data collection and analysis methods and putting issues of ideology, variation, language contact and interaction centre stage. This book will be welcomed by researchers in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, fieldwork studies, language documentation and language variation and change.
Equatorial Guinea is a small country located in west central Africa, bordered by Cameroon to the north and Gabon to the south and east. The country consists of the mainland region which is the Río Muni, and the island region of Bioko, which is made up of the islands of Bioko and Annobón. The country has a small population of around 1.2 million people, with roughly the same number of people living on the mainland as on the islands. Equatorial Guinea is one of the smallest countries in Africa in terms of both population and land area. It is also one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Africa, with over 50 different ethnic groups present. Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after Spanish colonization. Since then, the country has been ruled by one political party, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE). The country is one of the wealthiest in Africa, with a per capita GDP that ranks among the highest on the continent. This is largely due to oil reserves discovered in the 1990s, which make up the majority of the country's export earnings. Despite its wealth, Equatorial Guinea is also known for its human rights abuses and corruption, with the country frequently ranking poorly on global indices measuring these factors.
Part one of a two-part guide to the vascular plants of central French Guiana. In this installment, 12 species of lycopods (Lycophyta), 182 species of ferns (Pterophyta), the one gymnosperm (Gnetophyta), & the 426 species in 27 families of monocotyledons (Magnoliophyta class Lililopsida) native or naturalized to central French Guiana are keyed & described. An annotated & well-illustrated list of species with outstanding ecological or morphological features of use in plant identification is included. Three maps, 165 line illustrations, 240 color photographs, & a glossary providing definitions of technical terms used to describe plants in northeastern South America facilitate the use of this guide. The specimen database of seed plants of central French Guianais now available for access over the internet.
This book is a history of the three Guianas, now known as Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. Though histories of each of the countries exist, this is the first work in a century to consider the three countries as a group, and thus the first to present the history of all three as a comparative and overarching study. Special emphasis has been given to the story of how each colony was administered by Britain, the Netherlands, and France respectively, and how these differing colonial administrative policies have given rise to three vastly different cultures. Because the geographical area of the Guianas is relatively small, the indigenous population at the time of contact was relatively uniform across the area, and the external pressures on the three colonies over their histories exhibited significant similarities, the book presents the Guianas as an ideal laboratory in which to study the effects of imperialism and cultural assimilation practices. The book also briefly considers the present political and cultural status of the three polities and makes some projections about their possible futures. In all, the book presents a complete history from prehistory until the present day covering the entirety of the Guianas region, relating a colorful history from a little-studied corner of the world.
A major objective of this open access book is to summarize the current status of Buruli Ulcer (BU) research for the first time. It will identify gaps in our knowledge, stimulate research and support control of the disease by providing insight into approaches for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Book chapters will cover the history, epidemiology diagnosis, treatment and disease burden of BU and provide insight into the microbiology, genomics, transmission and virulence of Mycobacterium ulcerans.
The book summarizes the history of biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean. Few publications provide historical detail and the records are, therefore, fragmented until now. By bringing information together in this book, we offer a more complete picture of important developments in biological control on this continent. There are a wealth of text, tables and references about the history of such projects, and which were succesful and which failed. This will help plan future biocontrol projects. An overview is provided of the current situation in biological control for many Latin American and Caribbean countries, revealing an astonishing level of practical biological control applied in the regio, making it the largest area under biological control worldwide. The final part describes new developments and speculates about the future of biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean.