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Mechanical engineering, an engineering discipline forged and shaped by the needs of the industrial revolution, is once again asked to do its substantial share in the call for industrial renewal. The general call is urgent as we face profound issues of productivity and competitiveness that require engineering solutions. The Mechanical Engineering Series features graduate texts and research mo- graphs intended to address the need for information in contemporary areas of mechanical engineering. The series is conceived as a comprehensive one that covers a broad range of concentrations important to mechanical engineering graduate education and - search. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of consulting editors on the advisory board, each an expert in one of the areas of concentration. The names of the consulting editors are listed on the facing page of this volume. The areas of concentration are applied mechanics, biomechanics, computational - chanics, dynamic systems and control, energetics, mechanics of materials, pr- essing, production systems, thermal science, and tribology. Professor Finnie, the consulting editor for mechanics of materials, and I are pleased to present Introduction to Contact Mechanics by Anthony C. Fischer- Cripps.
Topics of this book span the range from spatial and temporal discretization techniques for contact and impact problems with small and finite deformations over investigations on the reliability of micromechanical contact models over emerging techniques for rolling contact mechanics to homogenization methods and multi-scale approaches in contact problems.
This treatise is concerned with the stresses and deformation of solid bodies in contact with each other, along curved surfaces which touch initially at a point or along a line. Examples are a railway wheel and rail, or a pair of gear wheel teeth. Professor Johnson first reviews the development of the theory of contact stresses since the problem was originally addressed by H. Hertz in 1882. Next he discusses the influence of friction and the topographical roughness of surfaces, and this is incorporated into the theory of contact mechanics. An important feature is the treatment of bodies which deform plastically or viscoelastically. In addition to stationary contact, an appreciable section of the book is concerned with bodies which are in sliding or rolling contact, or which collide.
Computational contact mechanics is a broad topic which brings together algorithmic, geometrical, optimization and numerical aspects for a robust, fast and accurate treatment of contact problems. This book covers all the basic ingredients of contact and computational contact mechanics: from efficient contact detection algorithms and classical optimization methods to new developments in contact kinematics and resolution schemes for both sequential and parallel computer architectures. The book is self-contained and intended for people working on the implementation and improvement of contact algorithms in a finite element software. Using a new tensor algebra, the authors introduce some original notions in contact kinematics and extend the classical formulation of contact elements. Some classical and new resolution methods for contact problems and associated ready-to-implement expressions are provided. Contents: 1. Introduction to Computational Contact. 2. Geometry in Contact Mechanics. 3. Contact Detection. 4. Formulation of Contact Problems. 5. Numerical Procedures. 6. Numerical Examples. About the Authors Vladislav A. Yastrebov is a postdoctoral-fellow in Computational Solid Mechanics at MINES ParisTech in France. His work in computational contact mechanics was recognized by the CSMA award and by the Prix Paul Caseau of the French Academy of Technology and Electricité de France.
This open access book contains a structured collection of the complete solutions of all essential axisymmetric contact problems. Based on a systematic distinction regarding the type of contact, the regime of friction and the contact geometry, a multitude of technically relevant contact problems from mechanical engineering, the automotive industry and medical engineering are discussed. In addition to contact problems between isotropic elastic and viscoelastic media, contact problems between transversal-isotropic elastic materials and functionally graded materials are addressed, too. The optimization of the latter is a focus of current research especially in the fields of actuator technology and biomechanics. The book takes into account adhesive effects which allow access to contact-mechanical questions about micro- and nano-electromechanical systems. Solutions of the contact problems include both the relationships between the macroscopic force, displacement and contact length, as well as the stress and displacement fields at the surface and, if appropriate, within the half-space medium. Solutions are always obtained with the simplest available method - usually with the method of dimensionality reduction (MDR) or approaches which use the solution of the non-adhesive normal contact problem to solve the respective contact problem.
Introduction to Computational Contact Mechanics: A Geometrical Approach covers the fundamentals of computational contact mechanics and focuses on its practical implementation. Part one of this textbook focuses on the underlying theory and covers essential information about differential geometry and mathematical methods which are necessary to build the computational algorithm independently from other courses in mechanics. The geometrically exact theory for the computational contact mechanics is described in step-by-step manner, using examples of strict derivation from a mathematical point of view. The final goal of the theory is to construct in the independent approximation form /so-called covariant form, including application to high-order and isogeometric finite elements. The second part of a book is a practical guide for programming of contact elements and is written in such a way that makes it easy for a programmer to implement using any programming language. All programming examples are accompanied by a set of verification examples allowing the user to learn the research verification technique, essential for the computational contact analysis. Key features: Covers the fundamentals of computational contact mechanics Covers practical programming, verification and analysis of contact problems Presents the geometrically exact theory for computational contact mechanics Describes algorithms used in well-known finite element software packages Describes modeling of forces as an inverse contact algorithm Includes practical exercises Contains unique verification examples such as the generalized Euler formula for a rope on a surface, and the impact problem and verification of thå percussion center Accompanied by a website hosting software Introduction to Computational Contact Mechanics: A Geometrical Approach is an ideal textbook for graduates and senior undergraduates, and is also a useful reference for researchers and practitioners working in computational mechanics.
This book describes the solution of contact problems with an emphasis on idealized (mainly linear) elastic problems that can be treated with elementary analytical methods. General physical and mathematical features of these solutions are highlighted. Topics covered include the contact of rough surfaces and problems involving adhesive (e.g. van der Waals) forces. The author is a well-known researcher in the subject with hands-on experience of the topics covered and a reputation for lucid explanations. The target readership for the book includes researchers who encounter contact problems but whose primary focus is not contact mechanics. Coverage is also suitable for a graduate course in contact mechanics and end-of-chapter problems are included.
This book deals with the mechanics of solid bodies in contact, a subject intimately connected with such topics as fracture, hardness, and elasticity. Coverage begins with an introduction to the mechanical properties of materials, general fracture mechanics, and the fracture of brittle solids. It then provides a detailed description of indentation stress fields for both elastic and elastic-plastic contact. In addition, the book discusses the formation of Hertzian cone cracks in brittle materials, subsurface damage in ductile materials, and the meaning of hardness. Coverage concludes with an overview of practical methods of indentation testing.
The English edition of “Contact Mechanics and Friction” lying before you is, for st the most part, the text of the 1 German edition (Springer Publishing, 2009). The book was expanded by the addition of a chapter on frictional problems in ear- quake research. Additionally, Chapter 15 was supplemented by a section on elasto-hydrodynamics. The problem sections of several chapters were enriched by the addition of new examples. This book would not have been possible without the active support of J. Gray, who translated it from the German edition. I would like to thank Prof. G. G. - charyan and Prof. S. Sobolev for discussions and critical comments on the chapter over earthquake dynamics. Dr. R. Heise made significant contributions to the - velopment and correction of new problems. I would like to convey my affecti- ate thanks to Dr. J. Starcevic for her complete support during the composition of this book. I want to thank Ms. Ch. Koll for her patience in creating figures and Dr. R. Heise, M. Popov, M. Heß, S. Kürscher, and B. Grzemba for their help in pro- reading. Berlin, November 2009 V.L. Popov Preface to the German Edition
Tribology is the science of friction, lubrication and wear of moving components. Results obtained from tribology are used to reduce energy losses in friction pro cesses, to reduce material losses due to wear, and to increase the service life of components. Contact Mechanics plays an important role in Tribology. Contact Mechanics studies the stress and strain states of bodies in contact; it is contact that leads to friction interaction and wear. This book investigates a variety of contact problems: discrete contact of rough surfaces, the effect of imperfect elasticity and mechanical inhomogeneity of contacting bodies, models of friction and wear, changes in contact characteristics during the wear process, etc. The results presented in this book were obtained during my work at the Insti tute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The first steps of this research were carried out under the supervision of Professor L. A. Galin who taught me and showed me the beauty of scientific research and solutions. Some of the problems included in the book were investigated together with my col leagues Dr. M. N. Dobychin, Dr. O. G. Chekina, Dr. I. A. Soldatenkov, and Dr. E. V. Tor skaya from the Laboratory of Friction and Wear (IPM RAS) and Prof. F. Sadeghi from Purdue University (West Lafayette, USA). I would like to express my thanks to them. I am very grateful to Professor G. M. L.