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Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, University of Malta (Institute for European Studies), language: English, abstract: Intra-EU migration is one of the four fundamental freedoms of the EU, together with free movement of goods, services and capital, introduced with the Rome Treaties in 1957. The first part of this paper is dedicated to elucidate labour mobility and its characteristic, the central discussion and aim is to analyse the pro and contra of labour mobility within the European Union, and in the concluding part, I will mention some proposals made by scholars, which could support positive changes in the field of intra-EU mobility. Although the literature about labour mobility is quite exhaustive, the main problem are the resources. Analysing intra-EU migration at macro level is quite different, there is a lack of data and transnational surveys. Although a detailed analysis is not provided, scholars try to comprehend more about the phenomena. This topic has a strong meaning in our lives, at several levels. The author Baldwin explains that migration has a political and economic meaning within the EU. From a political perspective citizens of EU enjoy mobility and this affects the image European citizens have about their neighbours; from an economical point of view, which is the focus of this paper, mobility of labours allows worker to best use their skills and experiences, and firms can enjoy from competent workers. Baldwin`s analysis begins by defining the difference between goods and national labour markets, which have their own regulation. According to Baldwin the reason for this is that Member States have limited migration within the EU and there are important differences among the MS, different legislations and different practices. Within the EU we find countries more privileged than others. What makes individuals take the decision to move? Zimmermann analyses the main push-factors, which make EU citizens move to other MS, these factors are: job, education, family and others. At the same time, the author suggests that future factors could be: work and income, social network, housing and local environment.
The Commission publishes each year a Report on the intra-EU labour mobility which provides updated information on labour mobility trends in EU and EFTA countries. The analysis covers the mobility of all working age citizens (20-64 years) as well as the mobility of those who are active (employed and unemployed).The report also looks at indicators of economic integration of mobile citizens, such as employment /unemployment rates and occupations. The two main data sources used are Eurostat population and migration statistics - for mobility of all citizens - and the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for the analysis of mobility of active citizens and economic integration. The current paper highlights the most relevant figures of labour mobility from the 2019 Report on the intra-EU labour mobility, covering both EU citizens and EU workers. It also contains new findings on "mobility spells" (period of stay in the destination country).
Christiane Heimann provides insights on how the economic and political situation in Spain, Germany and the UK affects the institutional implementation of free labour movement and how mobile EU citizens navigate the institutional policies strategically. The study examines different profiles of EU citizens exercising free labour movement and shows ways of EU labour recruitment and transnational labour integration taking into account the institutional implementation of related EU policies. Intra-Community mobility policies and practices will be assessed in terms of their effectiveness for international recruitment and labour integration.
The annual report on intra-EU labour mobility provides updated information on labour mobility trends in EU and EFTA countries based on 2020/2021 data. The analysis considers the mobility of all working age EU citizens (20-64 years) in particular the mobility of the EU citizens in this age group who are active in the labour market (i.e. employed and unemployed).
The debate on the free movement of labour within the EU has gained new momentum in the wake of the economic crisis. Building on the earlier Ashgate publication EU Labour Migration Since Enlargement, the editors have assembled a team of experts from across Europe to shed light on the critical issues raised by internal labour mobility within the EU in the context of economic crisis and labour market pressures. The book's chapters tease out the links between economic developments, regulatory frameworks and migration patterns in different European countries. A central focus is on issues of skills and skills mismatch and how they relate to migration forms, duration and individual decisions to stay or return. Based on detailed analysis of European and national-level sources, the results presented clearly contradict assumptions about a "knowledge driven migration". Rather, over-qualification and the corresponding underutilisation of migrant workers' skills emerge as a pervasive phenomenon. At the same time the characteristics of migrants - not just skills, but socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes - and also their labour market integration are shown to be very diverse and to vary substantially between different sending and receiving countries. This calls for a differentiated analysis and raises complex issues for policymakers. Examples where policy has contributed to positive outcomes for both migrants and domestic workforces are identified. Unique in analysing labour migration flows within the European Union in a comparative manner putting skills into the centre and taking account of the effects of the economic crisis, while addressing policy concerns this is a valuable resource for academics, policymakers and practitioners alike.
The annual reporting on intra-EU labour mobility provides updated information on labour mobility trends in EU and EFTA countries based on 2019/2020 data. The analysis considers the mobility of all working age EU citizens (20-64 years) in particular the mobility of the EU citizens in this age group who are active (employed and unemployed). Each report also covers special topics associated with intra-EU labour mobility, according to current developments and policy needs. The 2021 edition focuses on intra-EU professional mobility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the one hand, and, on the other, return mobility of mobile European citizens. The two main data sources used are Eurostat population (including international migration) statistics and the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). The population statistics are based on the official population register, leading to a certain time-lag in data provision, but with the advantages of a real inventory. The Labour Force Survey is in general more detailed and available with a shorter delay, but the sample size sometimes restricts a detailed analysis of small groups.