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The mother tongue of the Roman Empire and the lingua franca of the West for centuries afterward, Latin survives today primarily in classrooms and texts. Yet this "dead language" is unique in the influence it has exerted across centuries and continents. Juergen Leonhardt offers the story of the first "world language," from antiquity to the present.
The UNESCO atlas on endangered languages recognizes the Ryukyuan languages as constituting languages in their own right. This represents a dramatic shift in the ontology of Japan’s linguistic make-up. Ryukyuan linguistics needs to be established as an independent field of study with its own research agenda and objects. This handbook delineates that the UNESCO classification is now well established and adequate. Linguists working on the Ryukyuan languages are well advised to refute the ontological status of the Ryukyuan languages as dialects. The Ryukyuan languages constitute a branch of the Japonic language family, which consists of five unroofed Abstand (language by distance) languages.The Handbook of Ryukyuan Languages provides for the most appropriate and up-to-date answers pertaining to Ryukyuan language structures and use, and the ways in which these languages relate to Ryukyuan society and history. It comprises 33 chapters, written by the leading experts of Ryukyuan languages. Each chapter delineates the boundaries and the research history of the field it addresses, comprises the most important and representative information.
This book is much directed to accomplish the readers demand, in particular the students, for advanced level (i.e. high schools and colleges) on African history from the past to the present. It covers the period from the tenth century to the present. It includes the development of precolonial African societies; Africans during the European mercantile time, focusing on similarities and factors for disparities on advancement; and lives of black people in the New World since they arrived as slaves and their contribution on American civilization and development. European colonialism in the second half of the nineteenth century is another important historical era that shaped Africa. As Europe and America advanced into imperialism and neocolonialism, the developing countries in the southern hemisphere still stood in dilemma. A Revised History for Advanced Level & Colleges: Part One justifies and revises important areas, which had been less mentioned or left out by other authors in writing history texts for high schools and colleges. It is made up with eight chapters. The first is Precolonial Africa, then Africa and Europe by AD 1500 revises the level of development between Africa and Europe. Next is People of African Origin in the New World and the Diaspora. Chapter 4, From Colonialism to the First World War, revises the colonial state; its theories of colonial bureaucracy; character, functions, and implication on Africans; agricultural systems; and the World War I while chapter 5 represents the colonial economy and social services after World War II. Chapter 6, The Influence of External Forces, Rise of Nationalism, and the Struggle for Independence, focuses on external factors for decolonization. Chapter 7 is Political and Economic Development in Africa since Independence. Finally, chapter 8 is Sample Questions for Final Examinations and Trials at Schools and Colleges.