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This book focuses on the expression variability of highly regulated genes in multi-cellular organisms through a multidisciplinary approach combining quantitative measurements and mathematical modeling. For this purpose, the cytokine gene Interleukin-4 (IL-4) in murine type-2 (Th2) lymphocytes was chosen as prototypical model system of an inducible gene regulated at the epigenetic and transductional level. As many cytokines, IL-4 is expressed in a probabilistic manner, but the underlying molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unresolved. Through an iterative process of quantitative measurements and mathematical analysis, the author develops a computational model able to predict several system properties. The model indicates that the heterogeneity in IL-4 expression results from a rate-limiting chromatin opening during antigenic stimulation. The rate of inactivation of the promoter is slow (on the order of a cell cycle), which increases the probability of subsequent IL-4 stimulation in the same cells. As a consequence, a previously unknown short-term memory for IL-4 induction is tested and verified experimentally. The multidisciplinary approach presented here will be hopefully useful for investigating other genes highly regulated at the epigenetic level and shows the potential of system biology in revealing new properties of complex processes.
The Structure and Function of Interleukin-4 provides a detailed summary of the pleiotrophic effects of IL-4. In Section I, the structure of the IL-4 gene, IL-4R gene, and IL-4 protein are described. In Section II, in vitro effects of IL-4 are reviewed and focus is on particular cell lineage, as well as the role of IL-4 in hemopoiesis. Section III features chapters that discuss the effects of IL-4 in vivo, highlighting the dramatic ability of IL-4 to induce the switch of B cells to produce IgE. The Structure and Function of Interleukin-4 is an important book for immunologists, cell biologists, and pharmacologists who need a succinct description of the role of IL-4 in the development of different cell types and in cell-cell communication in the immune system.
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
The fourth edition of The Cytokine Handbook provides an encyclopedic coverage of the molecules that induce and regulate immune responses. Expanded to two volumes, the scope of the book has been broadened to include a major emphasis on the clinical applications of cytokines. The early chapters discuss individual cytokines, chemokines and receptors. Additional chapters discuss the clinical implications and applications of cytokines, including cytokine gene transfer, antisense therapy and assay systems.
Principles of Bone Biology provides the most comprehensive, authoritative reference on the study of bone biology and related diseases. It is the essential resource for anyone involved in the study of bone biology. Bone research in recent years has generated enormous attention, mainly because of the broad public health implications of osteoporosis and related bone disorders. Provides a "one-stop" shop. There is no need to search through many research journals or books to glean the information one wants...it is all in one source written by the experts in the field The essential resource for anyone involved in the study of bones and bone diseases Takes the reader from the basic elements of fundamental research to the most sophisticated concepts in therapeutics Readers can easily search and locate information quickly as it will be online with this new edition
An interdisciplinary approach to cell systems and their corresponding regulatory factors.-- Presents the latest data on cellular defense mechanisms from experts in hematology and immunology.
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic conditions is constantly increasing. Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 7-10% of the population of the United States, while more than 50,000,000 American adults suffer from some type of arthritis. The Heart in Rheumatic, Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases examines the complex mechanisms relating to cardiac diseases from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases can affect the coronary vessels, myocardium, pericardium, heart valves and the conduction system. The diagnosis of these unique cardiac complications necessitates medical awareness and a high index of suspicion. Increased risk of advanced atherosclerosis plays a pivotal role in the development of cardiac diseases in systemic, rheumatic and autoimmune illnesses. Yet, other complex immune medicated mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis. Patients' optimal care requires coordination between the primary caregiver, the rheumatologist, immunologist and cardiologist. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors, recognition of high-risk patients and identification of subclinical cardiac conditions are of great importance. Moreover, regulation of inflammation, as well as abnormal immune responses and the initiation of early treatments should be the focus of patient management. A continuous attempt to identify novel therapeutic targets and change the natural history of the underlying disease and its cardiac manifestations is in progress. The book aims at providing the readers with a state of the art collection of up to date information regarding clinically important topics based on experts' perspectives. This book was a result of an extended coordinated collaboration of one-hundred and fifty-four distinguished scientists from thirty-one countries around the globe. A review of common, as well as unusual (yet clinically significant) medical cardiac complications of prevalent rheumatic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Focuses on aspects of pathophysiological processes, clinical presentations, screening tests, prognostic implications and novel therapeutic approaches. Presents an up-to-date “level of evidence” and “strengths of recommendations” for suggested therapies and reviews all randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses and other supporting published clinical findings.
Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.