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Economic growth and development have been the object of thousands of studies for centuries. Researchers are seeking the best explanation of that phenomenon both for pure epistemic and decision making purposes. Different studies concentrate on various dimensions of the economic development process, in particular: time (universal and specific); area (general or for the whole economy); and entity (economy, branch or company). Economic development is often expressed in terms of productivity or general welfare (income, production). Recent decades abound in research, not only on the relation between economic development and its factors, but also on the exploration of the roots of development determinants themselves. The articles presented in this issue refer to three factors of economic growth (broadly defined as): innovation, entrepreneurship, and other psychological elements of human and social capital covering all dimensions mentioned earlier. In the first article, the research program of modeling the Schumpeterian vision of innovative development in the Arrow-Debreu theory of general equilibrium is extended. Agnieszka Lipieta and Andrzej Malawski model the mechanisms of Schumpeterian evolution in the conceptual apparatus of Hurwicz’s theory of economic mechanisms. The paper aims at the comparative analysis of two types of mechanisms distinguished within Schumpeterian evolution: the innovative evolution mechanism as well as the adopting mechanism. Due to both the formal conceptual apparatus of the general equilibrium theory and Hurwicz’s approach to the problem of designing economic mechanisms, the paper takes the form of the axiomatic-deductive system of mathematical theorems interpreted in the language of economics. In the next article, Anna Golejewska examines the innovativeness of enterprises in 69 Polish NUTS3 sub-regions in 2014. The analysis is based on unpublished regional data of the Polish Central Statistical Office covering the following variables: share of enterprises which have incurred outlays for innovative activities, share of enterprises implementing process or product innovations, share of companies collaborating in the field of innovation, and share of new or modernized products in total production sold in industrial companies. The analysis is focused on building rankings and cluster analysis of the NUTS3 regions. The research method applied by the Author is composed of selected techniques of multidimensional comparative analysis, principal component analysis and the hierarchical Ward’s method. The results show substantial differences among NUTS3 sub-regions with regard to the innovativeness of enterprises. The focus of the next study is the innovativeness of a particular industry. Manuel González-López analyses the competitive and innovative trajectories followed by the canned fish industry in recent times. The article is based on four case studies from the Galician industry in Spain, which comprises the largest share of the European canned fish sector. At least four different innovation patterns are found in the industry. The first pattern is a conservative one where innovation is seen as a risk and therefore maintaining current routines is the chosen option. The second pattern has been defined as “large retailer-dominated” and is followed by companies that have signed exclusive agreements with large retailers, which increasingly determine most of their innovation activities. The third strategy is explained as “territory-orientated,” since product innovation and incorporation of quality distinctions based on the territory are the main innovation drivers. The last distinguished type is an “ecological or nature-orientated” innovation strategy where meeting ecological normative requirements are the main innovation driver. The last article regarding innovativeness is also focused on a specific industry, namely the Swedish agriculture industry. Jennie Cederholm Björklund states, that although research shows that sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) contributes to the creation of sustainable businesses and to the development of a sustainable society, Swedish agriculture has not been at the forefront in the use of SBMI. The purpose of the study is to examine the barriers to SBMI in Swedish agriculture, in order to understand why farmers seldom engage in SBMI. This qualitative study follows the Gioia methodology. The data for the analysis was acquired in semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs at six family farms in Sweden. The paper makes a theoretical contribution to the research on SBMI with its focus on sustainable entrepreneurship in the Swedish agricultural industry. The paper concludes that the barriers to SBMI are external, internal, and contextual, where the internal are the largest and most challenging. The next two articles relate to the other factor of economic development, specifically to entrepreneurship. In both cases, young people’ (students’) attitudes and behavior were examined. Krzysztof Zięba and Jakub Golik present abrief overview of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) research and pose the question whether the ESE of Polish students can serve as an early predictor of their subsequent entrepreneurial activities, potentially leading them to nascent entrepreneurship. The research material was collected from SEAS (Survey on Entrepreneurial Attitudes of Students) Project carried out at the Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdańsk University of Technology. The research sample was composed of 72 students. ESE was measured in a pre-post setting using a single item based on a five-point Likert scale. One of the research conclusions is that ESE manifested by students-beginners seems to influence their later entrepreneurial behavior in a statistically significant way - potentially making ESE a valuable early predictor of future entrepreneurial activities. In the concluding part, the study limitations are discussed and future study developments are indicated. Students’ perception of the level of an entrepreneur’s structural, relational and cognitive social capital is the object of Paweł Ziemiański study. The research involved a group of 374 undergraduate business students from a Polish university as participants. It was found that participants assessed the level of an entrepreneur’s social capital as relatively low. Due to the fact that social capital and its different dimensions serve different purposes in the process of venture creation, the obtained result can be considered alarming. It suggests that it is necessary to review and design activities facilitating the development of an entrepreneurial culture in Poland. Two further studies are related to personal traits and their influence on working behavior and productivity. The purpose of the article of Muhammad Nawaz, Ghulam Abbas Bhatti, Ahmad Shahbaz and Ahmed Zeshan is twofold: to examine the relationship and impact of peer-relationship on organizational commitment by means of and without the moderating role of psychological capital and to examine the association of organizational culture and organizational commitment, similarly, by way of and without the moderating effect of psychological capital. This study is cross-sectional by nature in which data were collected from the operational staff of Pakistan railways. While investigating the moderating impact of psychological capital on the association of peer relationship and organizational commitment, it was found that psychological capital strengthens the relationship of peer relationship and organizational commitment; and also strengthens the relationship of organizational culture and organizational commitment as well. The research topic of the last article is to examine the utility of the fivefactor model of Costa and McCrae in the context of life insurance industry effectiveness, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The research is based on the case study of the four largest life insurance companies 796 most effective agents. Results imply the existence of a positive correlation between the level of the selected personality trait intensities and the life insurance agent’s sales efficiency. Moreover, levels of the personality traits of “openness to experience,” “consciousness,” “agreeableness” and “neuroticism” are the predictors of life insurance company effectiveness, and there are fundamentals for induction to be appropriate for the whole retail financial sector human resources management system. The Guest Editors of this publication would like to thank all of the authors for presenting their valuable research which constitutes an interesting representation of a contemporary approach to the sources of socio-economic development. At the same time, they would like to thank all the reviewers who have contributed to improving the articles for this quarterly issue of JEMI and to continuing the high standards of the magazine. We hope the articles presented here in this issue will prove to be compelling reading to scholars all over the world and inspire them on to further research on innovativeness, entrepreneurship and psychological traits affecting productivity.
Collects and organize the latest findings on the prevalence of various personality traits among the entrepreneurial population and their impact on venture performance covering academic work ranging from economics to psychology to management studies.
Productivity Perspectives offers a timely and stimulating social science view on the productivity debate, drawing on the work of the ESRC funded Productivity Insights Network. The book examines the drivers and inhibitors of UK productivity growth in the light of international evidence, and the resulting dramatic slowdown and flatlining of productivity growth in the UK. The reasons for this so-called productivity puzzle are not well understood, and this book advances explanations and insights on these issues from different disciplinary and methodological perspectives. It will be of value to all those interested in, and engaging with, the challenge of slowing productivity growth.
1.Nature and Significance of Management, 2 .Principles of Management, 3 .Management and Business Environment, 4.Planning, 5 .Organising, 6 .Staffing, 7 .Directing, 8. Controlling, 9.Financial Management, 10. Financial Market, 11. Marketing, 12. Consumer Protection, 13 .Entrepreneurship Development, Latest Model Paper With OMR Sheet Examination Paper.
Strictly according to the latest syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Delhi and State Boards of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana, H.P. etc. & Navodaya, Kasturba, Kendriya Vidyalayas etc. following CBSE curriculum based on NCERT guidelines. Part 'A' : Principles and Functions of Management 1. Nature and Significance of Management, 2. Principles of Management, 3. Management and Business Environment, 4. Planning, 5. Organising, 6. Staffing, 7. Directing, 8. Controlling, Part 'B' : Business Finance and Marketing 9. Financial Management, 10. Financial Market, 11. Marketing, 12. Consumer Protection, 13. Entrepreneurship Development. Project Work Latest Model Paper with OMR Sheet Board Examinations Papers
1. Nature and Significance of Management, 2. Principles of Management, 3. Management and Business Environment, 4. Planning, 5. Organising, 6. Staffing, 7. Directing, 8. Controlling, 9. Financial Management, 10. Financial Market, 11. Marketing, 12. Consumer Protection, Entrepreneurship Development, I Project Work II Board Examination Paper
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Economic growth is a key issue both in economic policy making and in economic research. In eastern nations of the world, the interest in economic growth has been in the centrestage in view of the persistently high rates of unemployment and resurgence of recessionary pressures on these economies due to spillover effects from other developed economies undergoing recessionary phases. Entrepreneurial activities not only open up new doorways of income generation for individuals residing in the economy but is also looked upon now as panacea to treat unemployment by most governments, provided such ventures turn out to be revenue generating for the entrepreneur after all the risk he is willing to undertake. Entrepreneurship contributes to the development of innovative technologies, processes as well as business systems which in turn influences the prevailing market structures in the economy disrupting the competition existing in the markets. Nonetheless it bound to impact the capital formation in the economy and thus the growth of the economy. The inter relations between credit extension by commercial banks, entrepreneurship and economic growth are investigated in this paper empirically using autoregressive models.