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Diferentes respostas de tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) a estresse de deficiencia de calcio foram investigadas em 138 linhas separadas em solucao de nutrientes em 10 mg de calcio por planta, uma planta por conteiner. Eficiencia no uso de calcio nas plantas foi definida e expressa como mg de peso seco produzido por cada mg de calcio absorvido por planta (CaER). As bases fisiologicas da eficiencia na utilizacao de calcio foram pesquisadas.
The adaptation of desirable agricultural plants to infertile and problem soils is an increasingly important trategy for improving food supplies in many parts of the world. The plant breeding approach complements, and in some cases may replace agronomic practices such as the use of fertilizers and soil amendments to provide solutions which are economically and environmentally sustainable. The Symposium at which the papers in this volume were presented drew together workers in plant breeding, plant nutrition, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology to discuss research on gene systems which affect the mineral nutrition of plants. Papers describe successes in plant breeding for problem soils as well as advances in understanding of mechanisms at the whole plant and cellular levels. Papers in the 'molecular' area point the way to the contribution which the new biology will make to this field in the future. The reviews and research papers are grouped under five topics : Better plants for acid soils; Salinity tolerance; Efficiency of uptake and use of macronutrients; Efficiency for iron and micronutrients; Tolerance of heavy metals and boron.
Genotype screenin and selection for tolerance to low-phosfhorus stress conditions is an importan strategy for the development of cultivars for growing on soils low in available P. This study was conducted to adjust a screening methodologu to provid a stable, diffusion-limited low-P concentration during the vegetative growth of maize, to effectively select maize inbreds efficient in P acquisition and utilization and to provid information o the inheritance to low-P stress. Sand-alumina, a solid culture medium, which simulates a slow release, diffusion-limited P movement in soil solution was used to screen 20 mize inbreds known to be efficient in P uptake or accumulation and/or tolerant to aluminum toxicity. The selecte inbreds were used to obtain F1 hybrids and advanced generations to be evaluated in diallel mating schemes and generation means analyses for the inheritance studies. Low and high-P concentration levels were established (200 mM and 400mM, respectively) that provided a reproducible and diffusion-controlled availability of P to the plants at concentrations of 8-10 uM and 30-40 uM, respectively, of culture medium solution P at the time of transplanting. The procedure was also effective in providing low concentrations of P during the period of plant growth. Twenty-five days after transplanting was the best time to diffrentiate maize inbreds at the low P concentration. From 20 initial inbreds, 10 inibreds with similar dry weigts at high P and significantily different dry weights at low-P were selected (...).