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Contributing towards a thriving research area, this comprehensive Handbook presents a broad discussion of infrastructure as social phenomena. It compiles diverse perspectives to delineate the current ‘infrastructural turn’ and assess policy and research challenges relating to contemporary forms of infrastructural development.
The status of America’s infrastructure is graded every four years by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and reports are provided on the various categories. In this book, prominent women engineers discuss many of the eighteen infrastructure categories from the 2021 ASCE Infrastructure Report Card providing background, analysis of the issues facing the category and projections for the future. Categories covered include aviation, bridges, dams, water and wastewater, energy, hazardous waste, inland waterways, levees, ports, public parks, rail, roads, solid waste, and transit. Case studies from the authors’ work are included throughout. These topics touch on many of the challenges facing the world today and these solutions by women researchers and practitioners are valuable for their technical excellence and their non-traditional perspective. As an important part of the Women in Engineering and Science book series, the work highlights the contribution of women leaders in many of the infrastructure categories, inspiring women and men, girls and boys to enter and apply themselves to secure our future infrastructure.
This Handbook systematically compares public-private partnerships (PPPs) from across the globe to examine factors that have contributed to their success or failure. The editors have brought together an international range of experts to produce richly detailed accounts of the various ways in which PPPs are conducted.
This book is a comprehensive guide for day-to-day compliance with GST. It helps you understand the following topics related to GST: • Background • Concepts • Execution • Challenges • Solution(s) It also explains the provisions of the GST law lucidly. This book will be helpful for GST Professionals engaged in managing the client's day-to-day GST-related affairs, i.e., advisory, compliance and litigation services. The Present Publication is the 7th Edition, amended by the Finance Act 2023 and updated till 1st June 2023. This book is authored by Aditya Singhania with the following noteworthy features: • [Comprehensive Coverage] with detailed analysis and relevant illustrations • [Stepwise Guide] for GST compliance procedures • [Judicial Outlook] of GST Case Laws (including Advance Rulings) • [GST Common Portal] The content in this book is synchronized with the current features available at GST common portal • [Topic-Wise Explanation] along with related GST Notifications and Circulars • [Practical Issues] with solutions The contents of the book are as follows: • Time/Place of Supply & Valuation o Time of Supply o Place of Supply o Valuation • Accounting in GST o Invoicing o Accounts & Records o E-Way Bill o Job-Work • Registration o Basics of Registration o Compulsory Registration o Person not Liable to take Registration & Voluntary Registration o General Procedure of Registration o Amendment of Registration o Cancellation or Suspension of Registration o Revocation of Registration • Specified Taxable Person o Non-Resident Taxable Person o OIDAR o Unique Identification Number (UIN) • Composition Scheme o Basics of Composition Scheme o Compliances under the Composition Scheme o Withdrawal from the Composition Scheme o Returns under the Composition Scheme • Input Tax Credit (including ISD) o Eligibility of Input Tax Credit o Apportionment of Input Tax Credit o Availability of ITC in certain circumstances o ITC for Job Worker o Compliance for Input Service Distributor o Returns for an Input Service Distributor • Returns o Introduction to GST Returns o GSTR 1 o GSTR 2, 2A and 2B o GSTR 3 o GSTR 3B o Matching Concept o Proposed new GST Return o Annual Return for Normal Taxpayer o Annual Return for Composition Taxpayer o Final Return • Audit o Departmental Audit o GST Audit • TDS & TCS o Tax Deducted at Source o Tax Collection at Source • Payment o Basics of Payment o Treatment of Input Tax Credit for Payment o Treatment of Electronic Cash/Credit Ledger o Treatment of Electronic Liability Ledger o Miscellaneous on Payments • Refunds o Basics of Refunds o Refund Procedures • Assessment o Self & Provisional Assessment o Scrutiny of Returns o Assessment of Non-Filers of Returns o Assessment of Unregistered Persons o Summary Assessment o Finalization of Provisional Assessments, Appeal • Search and Seizure o Inspection, Search and Seizure o Arrest • Advance Rulings o Basics of Advance Ruling o Application and Compliances for Advance Rulings o Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling • Demand & Recovery o Administration in GST o Demand o Recovery • Appeals o Appeals to Appellate Authority o Appeals to Appellate Tribunal o Appeals to High Courts & Supreme Court o Miscellaneous on Appeals • Offences o Penalty o Detention, Seizure and Release of Goods and Conveyances in Transit o Confiscation of Goods or Conveyances o Miscellaneous Topics under Offences o Compounding of Offences • Miscellaneous o Corporate Debtor under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 o Liability to Pay in Certain Cases o Repeal and Saving
The central role of infrastructure to cities, and in particular their sustainability, is essential for proper planning and design since most energy and materials are themselves consumed by or through infrastructures. Moreover, infrastructures of all types affect matters of economic and social equity, due to access that they provide or prevent. Sustainable Infrastructure for Cities and Societies shows how fundamental planning, design, finance, and governance principles can be adapted for sustainable infrastructure to provide solutions to make cities significantly more sustainable. By providing a contemporary overview on infrastructure, cities, planning, economies, and sustainability, the book addresses how to plan, design, finance, and manage infrastructure in ways that reduce consumption and harmful impacts while maintaining and improving life quality. It considers the interrelationships between the economic, political, societal, and institutional frameworks, providing an integrative approach including livability and sustainability, principles and practice, and planning and design. It further translates these approaches that professionals, policymakers, and leaders can use. This approach gives the book wide appeal for students, researchers, and practitioners hoping to build a more sustainable world.
This book is reflective of a science-based vision of the future development paradigm of economic and social systems. It deals with the digitization as the technological basis for the future development of economic and social systems and presents a review of groundbreaking technologies and prospects for their application. The specific character of the industry and prospects for the application of digital technologies in business are analyzed. A rationale is provided for future prospects for the sustainable development of economic and social systems in a digital economy. The authors determine the process of the formation and development of the information-oriented society, social and educational aspects of the digitization, as well as the institutional framework of the digital future of social and economic systems. The book combines the best works following the results of the 12th International Research-to-Practice Conference “Artificial Intelligence: Anthropogenic Nature vs. Social Origin” that was held by the Institute of Scientific Communications (ISC) in cooperation with the Siberian Federal University and the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific–technical activities on 5–7 December 2019, in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, as well as following the results of the 3rd International Research-to-Practice Conference “Economic and Social Systems: Paradigms for the Future” that was held by the ISC in cooperation with the Pyatigorsk State University on 5–6 February 2020. The target audience of the book consists of representatives of the academic community concerned with the future prospects for the development of economic and social systems, as well as economic agents engaged in the digitization of business processes, and representatives of public agencies regulating the development of business systems for their progressivity, sustainability and competitiveness.
Drinking Water Safety: Basic Principles and Applications, examines the technical and scientific, as well as regulatory, ethical, and emerging issues of pollution prevention, sustainability, and optimization for the production and management of safe drinking water to cope with environmental pollution, population growth, increasing demand, terrorist threats, and climate change pressures. It presents a summary of conventional water and wastewater treatment technologies, in addition to the latest processes. Features include: Provides a summary of current and future of global water resources and availability. Summarizes key U.S. regulatory programs designed to ensure protection of water quality and safe drinking water supplies, with details on modern approaches for water utility resilience. Examines the latest water treatment technologies and processes, including separate chapters on evaporation, crystallization, nanotechnology, membrane-based processes, and innovative desalination approaches. Reviews the specialized literature on pollution prevention, sustainability, and the role of optimization in water treatment and related areas, as well as references for further reading. Provides illustrative examples and case studies that complement the text throughout, as well as an appendix with sections on units and conversion constants.
This book discusses the reform and improvement of Chinese legislation on Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects (PFIPs), the goal being to help its implementation in China satisfy international standards. In this regard, current Chinese laws are found to be insufficient when it comes to reducing risks to PFIPs, due to certain shortcomings. Therefore, the corresponding legislation must be reformed and improved.The Legislative Guide and Model Provisions drafted by UNCITRAL are discussed as the international standards that can effectively guide this reform; other countries’ laws on PFIPs provide supplementary reference material.Given the rapid rise in the use of PFIPs in China, this book offers a strong theoretical basis for improving Chinese legislation. It also provides general suggestions that can be applied to the reform of laws on PFIPs in any country.
This book provides a thorough and rigorous discussion on the impact of trade liberalisation on economic development with a special focus on the African continent. The author presents the rationale for trade liberalisation, trade liberalisation frameworks, the trade liberalisation economic development nexus, impediments to trade, and contemporary issues of international trade. In this book, notwithstanding the benefits from trade liberalisation, the author shows that African trade as a share of global trade has remained flat at 3% as in 1975, while the continent’s exports have remained raw materials and its intra-regional trade at less than 15% of total trade, which is the lowest in the world (UNCTAD, 2020). With respect to key economic development indicators such as economic growth, poverty levels, and employment levels, this book shows that, ironically and in direct contrast with the conventional views that trade liberalisation alleviates poverty, trade liberalisation in Africa has resulted in high levels of unemployment and low economic growth which ultimately lead to increased poverty. In addition, this book provides a detailed analysis of why trade liberalisation has failed to yield meaningful benefits to Africa. The binding constraints and blockages which prevent positive spin-offs on trade liberalisation in Africa are discussed in detail in this book. In the same vein, the author provides practical strategies which must be adopted by African countries in order to gain from trade liberalisation, making this work a must-read for African governments, academia, trade experts, regional trading blocs, the World Trade Organization, and development partners. In view of this, and as part of the disruptive and structural transformation policies, the author discusses case studies and international experience contextualised to Africa as well as strategies for addressing the trade-related infrastructure gap, production capacities, export promotion, and aid for trade.
This textbook serves as a guide to real estate students and educators on the various property innovations and digital technologies that continue to shape the property industry. The advancement of PropTech in the last few decades has led to significant changes in real estate systems, operations, and practice, and this new textbook provides insight on the past, present, and future of PropTech innovations that have spread across the value chain of real estate through planning, development, management, finance, investment, operations, and transactions. The textbook approaches this subject from the real estate components, asset classes, and submarkets and links them to the associated innovations and digital technologies. It concludes by reviewing the role of education, innovation, skill development, and professionalism as major elements of the future of real estate operations and practice. This book’s unique contributions are in putting the “property” element at the forefront and then illustrating how technology can enhance the various areas of real estate; the focus on how the different innovations and technologies can enhance the economic, environmental, social, and physical efficiency of real estate; and its coverage of some non‐technological innovations like flexible working and more practical areas of real estate innovation such as skills, employability, creativity, and education. It contains 21 case studies and 29 case summaries, which can serve as practice exercises for students. This book will be useful to students in helping them build a knowledge base and understanding of innovation and digital technologies in the industry. Real estate educators can use the textbook as a guide to incorporate real estate innovation and digital technologies into their current teaching and also to develop their real estate curricula through PropTech‐related modules and courses where necessary. It will also be valuable to real estate researchers in search of the theoretical and conceptual linkages, as well as industry practitioners who seek insight into the current and future potential of digital technologies and their applications to real estate operations and practice.