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S2Describes a species-specific, distance-independent individual-tree diameter growth model for the Northeastern United States. Diameter growth is predicted in two steps using a two parameter, sigmoidal growth function modified by a one parameter exponential decay function with species-specific coefficients. Coefficients are presented for 28 species groups. The model accounts for variability in annual diameter growth due to species, tree size, site quality, and the tree's competitive position within the stand. Model performance is evaluated using the mean predicted error and the root mean square error. Results are presented for the calibration data and an independent validation data set. The model has been, incorporated into NE-TWIGS, a computerized forest growth model for the Northeastern United States.S3.
Describes a distance-independent individual-tree probability of survival model for the Northeastern United States. Survival is predicted using a six-parameter logistic function with species-specific coefficients. Coefficients are presented for 28 species groups. The model accounts for variability in annual survival due to species, tree size, site quality, and the tree's competitive position within the stand. Model performance is evaluated using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Results are presented for the calibration data and an independent validation data set. The model has been incorporated into NE-TWIGS.
A regional sample of tree-ring measurements was used to determine average annual growth in trees of 10 major species in New England. There have been extended periods of decreasing growth rates in red spruce since about 1960 and in balsam fir since about 1965. The other eight species, which included sugar maple and white pine, showed constant or increasing growth rates through 1980. The decreases in growth rate in sampled red spruce and balsam fir were independent of physical site characteristics, elevation, and geographic location, indicating that regional factors are involved. Weather parameters and indexes were not closely correlated with growth rates, and the best predictive equation explained only 33 percent of annual variation. Due to past harvests and epidemics of the spruce budworm, much of the red spruce-balsam fir forest below 1,000 m in elevation can be considered to be functioning as even-aged. Historical growth information suggests that these trees should have reached maximum growth around 1960, and that decreasing growth rates since then are the result of normal aging.
The third edition of The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks is an updated and expanded edition that explores oak forests as responsive ecosystems. New chapters emphasize the importance of fire in sustaining and managing oak forests, the effects of a changing climate, and advanced artificial regeneration techniques. This new edition expands on silvicultural methods for restoring and sustaining oak woodlands and savannahs, and on management of ecosystem services, including wildlife habitat. It also incorporates new material on evaluating landscape-scale, and cumulative effects of management action compared with inaction. Nine of the fifteen chapters cover updated information on the geographic distribution of US oaks, oak regeneration dynamics, site productivity, stocking and stand development, even- and uneven-aged silvicultural methods, and growth and yield. This edition includes a new section with colour illustrations for improved visualization of complex relationships. This book is intended for forest and wildlife managers, ecologists, silviculturists, environmentalists, and students of those fields.