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"This book offers a historic and anthropological perspective from which to understand the fragility of isolated indigenous groups in the face of contact with outside society. It helps us appreciate the importance, in terms of cultural and biological diversity, of safeguarding their territories for both their future and that of the human race." "Drawing on scientific and legal principles, international agreements, and primarily from the perspective of human rights, Beatriz Huertas Castillo presents solid arguments concerning the urgent need for national and international efforts to defend the territories, cultural integrity and life ways of isolated indigenous peoples."--BOOK JACKET.
This book is an attempt to reflect on the process which made the Ucayali titling project possible. Begun in 1986 and involving the AIDESEP, IWGIA and OIRA, it was an innovative and essential first step in the process towards indigenous self-management.
In this book Siu Lang Carrillo Yap compares the land and forest rights of Amazonian indigenous peoples from Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, and analyses these rights in the context of international law, property law theory, and natural sciences.
The author presents an anthropological analysis of the regulatory technologies that characterize contemporary resource frontiers. He offers an ethnographic portrayal of indigenous rights, resource extraction and environmental politics in the Peruvian Amazon.
In 2008, President Alan García created a package of legal decrees that sought to expropriate indigenous land and sell it to international corporations as part of his neoliberal agenda. The social movement in the Peruvian Amazon quickly responded by claiming that the decrees breached indigenous rights, particularly the one to previous consultation, stipulated by The Declaration of Rights of Indigenous Peoples of 2007 and the International Labor Organization's Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 169 of 1989, both ratified by the state. This thesis analyzes the complex social relations between the state and the social movement in the Amazon. The first chapter examines the social conditions under which a social movement in the Amazon was formed as well as how Amazonian indigenous leaders surfaced creating social organizations and producing a strategy based upon an indigenous identity. The second chapter explores the transitional period during the 1990s and early 2000s, in which a neoliberal shift intensified the exploitation of indigenous communities' land, while multiculturalism introduced international discourses used by the social movement to politicize their demands and achieve goals. Finally, the third chapter explores the conflict between the state's rhetoric of progress and development used to advance neoliberal policies, and the response of indigenous activists through their indigenous-rights strategy. Through this analysis, this study argues that a new indigenous movement has emerged in the Peruvian Amazon through a self-proclaimed indigenous identity, where indigenous activists are using international documents to politicize indigenous issues in the Amazon and challenge power relations, citizenship, and indigenous rights, creating new social interactions and shedding light on indigenous issues and the Amazon.
A massive indigenous protest in the Peruvian Amazon and its aftermaths triggered a social consensus in Peru about the necessity of intercultural policies and the enactment of a Consultation Law, a norm based on the ILO Convention 169 to consult indigenous peoples before approving any norm that can affect indigenous collective rights. Nonetheless, the paper argues that, like previous legal reforms related to the recognition of indigenous rights, the Consultation Law remains conceiving indigenous peoples as minorities with proprietary entitlements instead of conceiving them as nations with territorial rights. The Law is a form of liberal legality still embedded in coloniality. Consequently, indigenous peoples maintain a tense and ambiguous relation with liberal legality: they use the Consultation Law for territorial defence, but at the same time they criticise the limitations of this legislation to fully take into account indigenous cosmologies.
Key messages The mobilization of indigenous and civil society organizations has been key to getting the recognition of collective rights on the political agenda, reducing gaps in the formalization of native communities and promoting i
The Bagua Massacre of 2009 occurred in light of overtly oppressive national discourse as well as the detrimental economic policies present in Alan García's la ley de la selva, which focused on the exploitation of the Peruvian Amazon. These apparatuses of oppression were born largely out of the increase in prevalence of neoliberal economic policies and understandings of natural resources as commodities. This study delves into the shifts in dominant discourses both internationally and domestically in Peru in order to better understand how indigenous resistance can challenge these perceptions of economic prosperity. This resistance allowed the Amazonian people in Peru to take control of their identity and the perceptions of their reality. Through the increase of visibility and access to communication, the inferior pro-indigenous discourse now has a home within the national Peruvian discourse. Although this response has not resulted in all pro-indigenous legislation and the fight to protect the Amazon continues, this study demonstrates why this mobilization and organization of indigenous peoples in Peru should be considered a success. The issue of indigenous land rights is a question filled with contention from nearly every angle. It raises questions of both international and domestic responsibility, anthropological definitions of identity, and the role of outside organizations in the promotion of these ideals. It confronts normalized perceptions of land as a commodity and source of capital while tying the environmental agenda with protection of human rights to the preservation and protection of indigenous land. Most importantly, it challenges the path of development that has become accepted as the correct way to go about economic growth. As we continue to grow as an international community, the lessons learned from movements that go against the accepted structure are significant and should be considered.
In Peru, since 1974, more than 1,200 communities have been titled in the Amazon for over 12 million hectares, representing about 20% of the country's national forest area. This working paper analyzes policy and regulatory changes that have influenced how indigenous peoples access, use and manage forest and land resources in the Peruvian Amazon during the last fifty years. It reviews the main motivations behind changes, the institutional structures defined by law and the outcomes of these changes in practice. The paper discusses political priorities related to land and forest tenure, social actors involved in reform debates and the mechanisms used for recognizing indigenous rights claims. The paper argues that there has not been a single reform process in Peru; instead multiple reforms have shaped forest tenure rights, contributing to both progress and setbacks for indigenous people and communities. This working paper is part of a global comparative research initiative that is analyzing reform processes that recognize collective tenure rights to forests and land in six countries in highly forested regions.