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There is enough justification for the assumption that while the family planning programme must be quick ended in pace, other nationwide synergistic social and economic programmes must be intensified simultaneously to obtain greater mileage out of the programmes of population control. Without such concurrent, supportive measures the success of population control as a one-shot measure, operated however vigorously over a short span of time is very likely severely to backfire, as indeed it did in the beginning of 1977. Measures to improve the quality of population to the point where the support for tight control measures could be easily generated, are inexpensive and possible at the present level of India’s economic development, provided the ground is cleared for greater public involvement in the welfare and economic programmes through greater vertical decentralization and horizontal spread. The country would never scrape up the financial and other resources to achieve all these targets within the foreseeable future if the programmes continued to be based on standard governmental norms of expenditure, outfit and per capita performance, but could possibly overfulfil the targets if the right type of motivational and organizational effort is mounted to build up on the social deployment of surpluses of human energy and enterprise for community needs.
Roger and Patricia Jeffery are well known for their work on religion and gender in South Asia. In their latest book, a study of the demographic processes of two castes in rural north India, they ask why fertility levels are higher among the Muslim Sheikhs than the Hindu Jats. They conclude that explanations can only partially be attributed to gender relationships and religion, and it is the economic and political interests of both groups which are the defining factors. Their marginal economic position provides little incentive for the Sheikhs to raise small families, while the Jats, who are locally dominant, are encouraged to use birth control and educate their children. The authors go on to demonstrate the significance of this analysis for a wider understanding of the problems of population and politics in India generally. The book will be invaluable for students of South Asia and for anyone interested in the demography of developing countries.
Papers presented at a seminar, held in 1996, organized by North East India Council for Social Science Research, Shillong.
In India, girls are aborted on a massive scale merely because they are girls. Underlying this widespread problem is the puzzling fact that daughters have become vulnerable in a time of general improvement of welfare, female status and deep economic and social changes. The findings centre on a contradiction between the continued importance of the cultural factors which for so long have established that a son is necessary, and socio-economic changes that are challenging the importance of these very same factors. This contradiction entails an uncertainty over sons fulfilling expectations which has, rather than tilt the balance in favour of daughters, instead increased the relative importance of sons and intensified negative consequences for daughters. The original findings are based on set theoretic systematic comparisons of eight villages in Himachal Pradesh that facilitate a reconceptualization and an alternative analysis that takes contextual differences into account. It builds on extensive fieldwork and collection of both qualitative and quantitative data.
In India, in the second half of the twentieth century, there was a vastly increased concern for the welfare of children. Various developmental programs were undertaken for the improvement of children’s status, especially in rural families. This book, first published in 1979, examines these programs and considers the enormous challenge of child care under the wide variety of conditions in this vast country.
A reference surveying the major concerns, findings, and terms of social history. The coverage includes major categories within social history (family, demographic transition, multiculturalism, industrialization, nationalism); major aspects of life for which social history has provided a crucial per