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A resilient transportation system is one in which critical assets are not exposed to hazards or, if they are, there is sufficient capacity to mitigate the impacts of a shock. Current legislation requires resilience to be considered but does not provide guidance for how to incorporate it into the transportation planning process. Therefore, in this report, RAND researchers outline a conceptual framework to incorporate resilience into transportation planning. Researchers suggest that planners consider a framing of resilience that focuses on four elements: absorptive capacity, restorative capacity, equitable access, and adaptive capacity (AREA). Absorptive capacity is the ability of the system to absorb shocks and stresses and maintain normal functioning, restorative capacity is the ability to recover quickly following a shock or stress and return to normal, equitable access is the ability to provide opportunity for access across the entire community during both a shock or stress and normal functioning, and adaptive capacity is the ability to change in response to shocks and stresses to maintain normal functioning. The AREA approach provides a means to discover alternative options or strategies that should be considered when planning to increase the resilience of the entire transportation system through modifications and additions to those assets. The approach focuses on such metrics as exposure, availability of alternative routes and mode choices, community planning efforts, transportation system user rates, and system efficiency. The value of incorporating resilience assessments into decisionmaking is that more-cost-effective approaches might be revealed by taking a holistic approach to infrastructure.
To aid decision making for developing transportation infrastructure, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed the Scenario Evaluation, Regionalization and Analysis (SERA) model. The SERA model is a geospatially and temporally oriented model that has been applied to determine optimal production and delivery scenarios for hydrogen, given resource availability and technology cost and performance, for use in fuel cell vehicles. In addition, the SERA model has been applied to plug-in electric vehicles.
Creating Resilient Transportation Systems: Policy, Planning and Implementation demonstrates how the transportation sector is a leading producer of carbon emissions that result in climate change and extreme weather disruptions and disasters. In the book, Renne, Wolshon, Murray-Tuite, Pande and Kim demonstrate how to minimize the transportation impacts associated with these urban disasters, with an ultimate goal of returning them to at least status quo in the shortest feasible time. Assesses the short and long-term impacts of transportation systems on the natural environment at local, regional and global scales Examines transportation systems in relation to risk, vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation, sustainability, climate change and livability Shows how urban transportation investments in transit, walking and bicycling result in significantly lower per capita carbon emissions when compared to investing in sprawling, automobile dependent regions
"Transportation systems are increasingly vulnerable to natural and human-generated risks caused by factors such as extreme weather events and conditions, cyberattacks, pandemics, and other unanticipated events. [This report] provides planning and policy professionals with six key building blocks to successfully integrate resiliency into transportation planning policy, analysis, and decision-making." -- publisher's website
Weather-related natural disasters are becoming an increasingly serious problem in the United States. As cities worldwide facing the growing risk of disaster, it is important to have measurable steps that can be taken to attempt to prevent and mitigate natural disasters. This report identifies the increasing severity of natural disasters and the role transportation systems play. It explores how transportation systems can be designed to help cities be more disaster resilient and mitigate future disasters. It does this by exploring transportation-specific disaster resiliency and mitigation strategies and identifying small-to-large-scale projects that cities can implement. The report selects best practices from the literature and provides a list and description of recommended strategies. This report concludes by providing funding mechanisms by which cities can implement projects
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 546 examines where and how safety can be effectively addressed and integrated into long-range transportation planning at the state and metropolitan levels. The report includes guidance for practitioners in identifying and evaluating alternative ways to incorporate and integrate safety considerations in long-range statewide and metropolitan transportation planning and decision-making processes"--Publisher's description.
Impact Assessment and Evaluation in Transportation Planning contains a refreshing approach to transportation planning by integrating impact analysis and evaluation methodology. It is original in that impact assessment and evaluation are brought together in a coherent framework. It is novel in the history of transportation science and particularly suitable as a pedagogical text, since methodologies are illustrated with various case studies and examples. It is particularly suitable for practitioners and students who want to become acquainted with conflict analysis and plan/project evaluation in the area of transportation planning.
This thesis presents a framework for resiliency planning in state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies. The development of this framework is motivated by the need for more resilient transportation systems, due of the increasing frequency and the effect both natural and man-made catastrophic disasters have on transportation systems. The resiliency framework is based on the urban transportation planning framework and is thus applied in the broader context of general transportation planning. The resiliency framework is then applied in a preliminary review to three statewide transportation plans to show the resiliency deficiencies of those plans and how the framework may be applied to increase resiliency. These plans are selected from three different states with diversity of locations and without any preconceived notions about their incorporation of resiliency in their planning process. This preliminary review reveals a reactive nature towards investments that increase an agency's resilience. This may be attributed to the problem of limited funding for transportation investments, as well as, limited knowledge by the transportation agencies about the return on such resiliency investments, mostly due to the uncertainty associated with the occurrence of catastrophic disasters, especially the predictability of weather-related events. However, post-disaster transportation system overhauls provide enough evidence for the need for more systemic ways of addressing resiliency in planning processes.
The report documents resilience efforts and how they are organized, understood, and implemented within transportation agencies' core functions and services. Core functions and services include planning, engineering, construction, maintenance, operations, and administration. The information gathered details the motivations behind the policies that promote highway resilience, definitions of risk and resilience, and the relationship between these two fields. The report also explores how agencies are incorporating resilience practices through project development, policy, and design.