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This synthesis will be of interest to highway environmental engineers, noise analysts, design engineers, maintenance personnel, planners, administrators, and others responsible for the design, selection, and maintenance of noise barriers or other traffic noise abatement policies. Information is provided on current state practice associated with noise abatement techniques and on the various products that are used. This synthesis describes the state of the art with respect to traffic noise abatement procedures, especially noise barriers. This report of the Transportation Research Board provides information on the design, construction and maintenance of both new (Type I) and retrofit ( Type II) noise barriers. The design elements that are addressed include materials, the selection process, service life, foundations, drainage, aesthetics, and safety. The construction section covers technical problems related to surface effects, durability, snow damage, and costs. Other noise abatement measures such as insulation and highway design alternatives are also addressed. The issue of public demand and availability funding is included, and recommendations are made to improve the situation.
As new and existing U.S. residential areas and high volume highways continue to intermingle, traffic noise abatement procedures continue to be important. This study investigated the acoustic effectiveness, public acceptance, and structural requirements of various designs and types of sound barriers. In addition, the acoustic effectiveness of a prototype sound barrier is reported. Results are presented on the acoustic effectiveness from in situ measurements of one cement bonded composite panel barrier and four precast concrete, two plywood, two glued-laminated, and three post and panel barriers. The research on public acceptance of sound barriers focused on the perception of visual compatibility. Based on results from semantic-differential and individual ratings, wood and concrete barrier designs were perceived to have favored gbsruralgcs qualities. Data collected during the research on acoustic effectiveness and public acceptance were used to develop structural requirements and construction details for a prototype wood sound barrier. The prototype wood sound barrier provided insertion losses of 15 dB or greater, exceeding the 10-dB acceptable performance for a highway sound barrier.
Noise pollution generated by transport is acknowledged to be a major environmental problem. This book examines both the acoustic and landscape issues affecting the design of barriers. By addressing the needs of the whole design team, it provides expert guidance on good practice and highlights the pitfalls of poor design. Detailed consideration is g
Environmental Noise Barriers is a unique one-stop reference for practitioners, whether acoustical engineers, landscape architects, or manufacturers, and for highways departments in local and central authorities. This extensively revised new edition is updated in line with UK and EU legislation and international provision of barriers.
A geopolymer is a solid aluminosilicate material usually formed by alkali hydroxide or alkali silicate activation of a solid precursor such as coal fly ash, calcined clay and/or metallurgical slag. Today the primary application of geopolymer technology is in the development of reduced-CO2 construction materials as an alternative to Portland-based cements. Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials.Part one discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters on topics such as fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements, geopolymer precursor design, nanostructure/microstructure of metakaolin and fly ash geopolymers, and geopolymer synthesis kinetics. Part two reviews the manufacture and properties of geopolymers including accelerated ageing of geopolymers, chemical durability, engineering properties of geopolymer concrete, producing fire and heat-resistant geopolymers, utilisation of mining wastes and thermal properties of geopolymers. Part three covers applications of geopolymers with coverage of topics such as commercialisation of geopolymers for construction, as well as applications in waste management.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications is a standard reference for scientists and engineers in industry and the academic sector, including practitioners in the cement and concrete industry as well as those involved in waste reduction and disposal. Discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters covering fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements Assesses the application and commercialisation of geopolymers with particular focus on applications in waste management Reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials
This report describes development of standards for noise barrier systems using recycled plastic lumber for wall sheathing, structurally supported by wood or steel frames, with cast-in-place piers proposed for foundations. Aesthetics are addressed by providing options for sheathing color, frame type, and frame arrangement. The standards developed include design tables for selection of standardized member sizes, column spacings, and foundation dimensions. Also included are tables for estimating materials requirements and costs of selected designs, along with notes on system specifications and construction. The proposed systems are cost-competitive with current systems, and may have long-term economic benefits as a result of greater durability, minimal maintenance, and low life-cycle cost.
Prepared by the Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center, a CERF Service Center. This report presents the HITEC evaluation plan for U.S. Gypsum's Sight and Sound Screen. The Sight and Sound Screen is a post-and-panel wall system designed to act as a sight and sound barrier for highways and as a privacy system for residential and commercial property owners. The HITEC evaluation will measure the performance of the barrier against the criteria presented in this report, which reflect the needs of the highway community. Although this evaluation plan was tailored to one product, as a service to state and local transportation officials the report was expanded to provide guidelines that can be adapted for use with other types of sound wall systems.