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Longitudinal and lateral directional flying qualities for the re-entry mission are reported. The program utilized primarily a high-fidelity fixed-base ground simulator with evaluations made by three pilots. One of the three pilots also made in-flight evaluations of longitudinal flying qualities in the same vehicle, a threeaxis variable stability airplane flown with a two-axis side controller and conventional rubber pedals. Control sensitivity evaluations were compared to center stick results of earlier work. The longitudinal flying qualities as evaluated both on the ground simulator and in flight are compared and related to earlier investigations. Pilot rating variability, both interpilot and intrapilot, are quantized and discussed for the ground and flight experiments. Performance measures are reported.
Pilot ratings of lateral directional handling for wide range of aircraft characteristics - graphs.
Three different groups of lateral-directional flight characteristics were investigated and the results are presented in three parts. Part I evaluation configurations were selected from a previous re-entry vehicle evaluation program; Part II configurations were based on a general lateral-directional handling qualities investigation; and Part III configurations were directly applicable to lifting body investigations. All of the configurations were evaluated for their suitability to the re-entry mission. The vehicle used for both the fixed-base and in-flight simulations was a three-axis variable stability T-33 airplane. (Author).
An updated and expanded new edition of an authoritative book on flight dynamics and control system design for all types of current and future fixed-wing aircraft Since it was first published, Flight Dynamics has offered a new approach to the science and mathematics of aircraft flight, unifying principles of aeronautics with contemporary systems analysis. Now updated and expanded, this authoritative book by award-winning aeronautics engineer Robert Stengel presents traditional material in the context of modern computational tools and multivariable methods. Special attention is devoted to models and techniques for analysis, simulation, evaluation of flying qualities, and robust control system design. Using common notation and not assuming a strong background in aeronautics, Flight Dynamics will engage a wide variety of readers, including aircraft designers, flight test engineers, researchers, instructors, and students. It introduces principles, derivations, and equations of flight dynamics as well as methods of flight control design with frequent reference to MATLAB functions and examples. Topics include aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, flying qualities, flight control, and the atmospheric and gravitational environment. The second edition of Flight Dynamics features up-to-date examples; a new chapter on control law design for digital fly-by-wire systems; new material on propulsion, aerodynamics of control surfaces, and aeroelastic control; many more illustrations; and text boxes that introduce general mathematical concepts. Features a fluid, progressive presentation that aids informal and self-directed study Provides a clear, consistent notation that supports understanding, from elementary to complicated concepts Offers a comprehensive blend of aerodynamics, dynamics, and control Presents a unified introduction of control system design, from basics to complex methods Includes links to online MATLAB software written by the author that supports the material covered in the book
The report uses as a point of departure the concept that control of bank angle is the primary piloting task in maintaining or changing heading. Regulation of the bank angle to maintain heading is a close-loop tracking task in which the pilot applies aileron control as a function of observed bank angle error. For large heading changes, the steady-state bank angle consistent with available or desired load factor is attained in an open-loop fashion; it is then regulated in a closed-loop fashion throughout the remainder of the turn. For the transient entry and exit from the turn, the pilot is not concerned with bank angle per se, but rather with attaining a mentally commanded bank angle with tolerable accuracy in a reasonable time, and with an easily learned and comfortable program of aileron movements.
This textbook provides a tutorial introduction to behavioral applications of control theory. Control theory describes the information one should be sensitive to and the pattern of influence that one should exert on a dynamic system in order to achieve a goal. As such, it is applicable to various forms of dynamic behavior. The book primarily deals with manual control (e.g., moving the cursor on a computer screen, lifting an object, hitting a ball, driving a car), both as a substantive area of study and as a useful perspective for approaching control theory. It is the experience of the authors that by imagining themselves as part of a manual control system, students are better able to learn numerous concepts in this field. Topics include varieties of control theory, such as classical, optimal, fuzzy, adaptive, and learning control, as well as perception and decision making in dynamic contexts. The authors also discuss implications of control theory for how experiments can be conducted in the behavioral sciences. In each of these areas they have provided brief essays intended to convey key concepts that enable the reader to more easily pursue additional readings. Behavioral scientists teaching control courses will be very interested in this book.
Because of the 'applied' nature of ergonomics there are many outstanding pieces of work that have never been published in the archival literature. These volumes collect some of those papers that have attained classical status.