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American staged art photography is the focus of this unique, in-depth study. Offering a new methodological strategy for viewing photographs, this fascinating account analyzes the work of four of the leading names in this new genre - Les Krims, Duane Michals, Arthur Tress, and Lucas Samaras - and applies new perspectives to 1970s art photography. As it sheds fresh light on the four artists' critiques of purist ideals, it also looks closely at their efforts to transcend the limitations of the purely visual effect of photography. Not only does this book tell the history of American staged photography in broad terms by drawing on theories and methods new to the field, but it also presents the latest approaches to photography history and theory.
The Miracle of Perfect Eyesight The Truth About The Eyes It is said that the eyes are the "windows" of the soul. How clear is your vision? Can you see the world without blurry vision or distortion? The so-called "normal" eye can easily read the 20 foot line on the Snellen Eye Test Chart at 20 feet away--this is called 20-20 vision. There is no limit as to how much one can improve their vision beyond the 20-20 range. Healthy eyes are a marvel of nature''s creation. A person with above average eyesight can easily read the 10 foot line (smallest bottom line on the Snellen Eye Test Chart), at 20 feet away--20-10 vision! I have seen people who can read the 10 foot line at 50 to 60 feet away--60-10 vision. This is called "telescopic vision." There is also no limit to reading small "Microscopic Type Print"--known as "microČscopic vision." There is no limit to how sharp and clear one can see in the distance and close-up. We are all walking, talking, seeing miracles of Great Nature. The sages say human beings are "solidified sunlight," or "trails of light," because our eyesight and our very life is totally dependent on the Solar Orb! We would all become blind without the healing rays of sunlight upon our retina. Sunlight also gives us natural Vitamin D for healthy skin and eyes. The eye training secrets contained in this book have taken me from 20-600 (progressive advanced myopia, or blind without glasses), to better than 20-20 vision. If you practice and are persistent in your eye training, you too can improve vision quickly. Eye Muscles Accommodation: The Mystery Unveiled In order to "see" properly, the eyes must accommodate. Accommodation takes place when focusing on various distances--close and far. Which muscles are doing the focusing during accommodation is debatable among Ophthalmologists. Dr. Helmholtz, an early eye doctor, found that only the "ciliary" eye muscles do the accommoČdating. The Helmholtz Theory is the "accepted belief" of most modern eyeglass doctors. Dr. Bates, a natural eye specialist, felt that the two oblique eye muscles performed eye accommodation by compressing the round eyeball in the middle and making it longer horizontally. Dr. Bates cut these muscles in rabbits and found the eyes could not accommodate. When he injected a drug to paralyze the oblique muscles, the eyes failed to accommodate. When he put together the severed muscles and washed out the drug, the rabbit''s eyes were able to accommodate again. The Helmholtz theory holds that accommodation is due to the expansion and contraction of the crystalline lens, caused by the action of the ciliary muscle. Dr. Bates, through his experiments, discovered and proved that it is not the crystalline lens but the six external muscles that act upon the eyeball and give the eye its ability to adjust and accommodate to near and far objects. The fact that patients who have had the crystalline lens removed are still able to see, and have the power to accommodate, should be convincing proof of this theory. It is obvious both the oblique muscles and the ciliary muscles work in conjunction when focusing. Here is the reason why--the normal eye when looking at a distant object becomes shortened, and when looking at a close object is elongated. The external muscles--oblique, recti, iris and the ciliary muscles all enable the eyes to accommodate properly. The external muscles lengthen and shorten the eyeball to enable light rays to fall upon the macula. The iris adjusts the pupil for the amount of light necessary to see clearly. And the ciliary muscle contracts the lens to focus upon the object. The ciliary muscle changes the lens and directs the rays of light to focus upon the macula or center of sight. While looking at a distant object of more than twenty feet away, the rays come into the eyes parallel. When looking at a close point rays come into the eyes at an angle. The normal eye must accommodate these rays in order to see clearly a close or distant point. All rays fro
A Tibetan Buddhist anthology of accessible and authentic contemplative exercises to help cultivate innate yet undeveloped powers of mind, emotion, and body. A Penguin Classic Drawn from Tibet's rich contemplative literature, Buddhist Meditation offers classic exercises focused on the opportunities and challenges of life; cultivating inner calm; fostering a wider perspective on oneself in relationship to others; working with negative emotions, and the highest values of the Buddhist tradition, love and compassion. Several dozen meditation instructions are collected in twelve chapters. All major traditions of Tibetan Buddhism are represented. The book is structured on "foundation practices", practice manuals that immerse the reader in the search for meaningful and compassionate responses to the ubiquity of human suffering, and in the contemplative techniques that translate that search into consequential action. Spiritual exercises introduce 1) the opportunity for self-betterment and to be of benefit to other living beings; 2) the inescapable persistence of suffering in life, and the reality of death; 3) the workings of ethical cause and effect, otherwise known as karma; and 4) the ever-repeating succession of frustration known as cyclic existence, or samsara. The second set of foundation practices provide tools to build upon including: 5) taking refuge in Buddhism—a deep formal commitment to integrate Buddhist contemplative and ethical teachings into one's life; 6) cultivating love and compassion for all living beings; 7) clearing away cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impediments to actualizing love and compassion; 8) developing with wisdom and the experience and excellent qualities necessary to put love and compassion into practice; and 9) dedicating oneself to a spiritual mentor to serve as a guide through this intensive program of training. Part existential philosophy, part ethics, part self-help program, part cosmology—the foundation exercises present a complete Buddhist picture of life, the ethical universe, and the first steps in making a positive impact in life for ourselves and others, steps anyone can begin to take by dedicating themselves to train in contemplative exercises.
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction to historical and conceptual issues / Gerrit Glas -- Psychiatry and religion: an unconsummated marriage / Herman van Praag -- Biblical narratives as history: biblical persons as objects of historical faith / C. Stephen Evans -- Introduction to prophecy: theological and psychological aspects / Gerrit Glas -- The dynamics of prophecy in the writings of Abraham Joshua Heschel / Neil Gillman -- The prophets as persons / Bob Becking -- Jeremiah interpreted: a rabbinic analysis of the prophet / Bryna Jocheved Levy -- Introduction to martyrdom: theological and psychological aspects / Gerrit Glas -- Martyrdom: theological and psychological aspects. Martyrdom in Judaism / Hyam Maccoby -- The martyrdom of Paul / Jakob van Bruggen -- Spiritual, human, and psychological dimensions / Msngr. H.W.M. Tájirá. Introduction to messianism: theological and psychological aspects / Gerrit Glas -- Casting a psychological look on Jesus the marginal Jew / Antoine Vergote -- The land of Israel: desire and dread in Jewish literature / Aviezer Ravitzky -- The person of Jesus / Abraham van de Beek -- Imagining Jesus: to portray or betray? Psycho (-patho)logical aspects of attempts to discuss the historical individual / Peter J. Verhagen -- Introduction to interdisciplinary issues: prospects for the future / Gerrit Glas -- The hidden subject of Job: mirroring and the anguish of interminable desire / Moshe Halevi Spero -- Biblical themes in psychiatric practice: implications for psychopathology and psychotherapy / Samuel Pfeifer -- The bible and psychology: new directions in biblical scholarship / Wayne G. Rollins -- Searching for the dynamic 'within'. Concluding remarks on 'psychological aspects of biblical concepts and personalities' / Gerrit Glas.
Examines the state of those experiencing suffering, those engaged in the methods leading towards freedom from unhappiness and misery, and those fully enlightened ones who have attained the highest goal of omniscient awakening.
The Tibetan Book of the Dead: Awakening Upon Dying, with introductory commentary by Dzogchen Buddhist master Chögyal Namkhai Norbu, is a new translation of the ancient text also known as The Great Liberation through Hearing in the Intermediate State. Both a practical guide and intriguing historical, cultural, and spiritual document, this new version incorporates recent discoveries that have allowed for a better translation of previously ambiguous passages. Revealing a set of instructions designed to facilitate the inner liberation of the dead or dying person, the book provides a guide to navigating the bardo--the interval between death and rebirth. Originally composed by Padmasambhava, an important Indian master of the eighth century, the Tibetan Book of the Dead was concealed in Tibet until it was discovered in the fourteenth century by Karma Lingpa, a famous Tibetan tertön (discoverer of ancient texts). Describing in detail the characteristics and fantastic visions of each stage beyond death, the book includes invocations to be read aloud to the dying person, to help his or her successful journey toward the stage of liberation. Chögyal Namkhai Norbu's introduction clarifies the texts from the Dzogchen point of view and provides a scholarly summary of the ancient material based on his oral teachings and written works. In addition, material from several of Namkhai Norbu's more recent written works and oral teachers have been added, including an essay on the four intermediate states after death entitled Birth, Life, and Death. A full-color 16-page insert of traditional Tibetan art highlights Tibet's unique aesthetic wisdom.
Blending contemporary and traditional perspectives, this groundbreaking work offers guidance on the profound foundational practices of the Great Perfection. It contains classic commentaries by the renowned Tibetan masters Jigme Lingpa and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, alongside a lively contemporary discussion by filmmaker, author, and spiritual teacher Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse that discusses how to incorporate these ancient practices into the fast-paced lifestyle of the Western world. Also included are a lengthy introduction to the world of Tibetan Buddhism and its meditative practices, as well as the long and short preliminary practice liturgies and numerous appendices on the nine yanas and other topics. The ngöndro or preliminary practice is treasured in the Ancient School of Tibetan Buddhism as vital for effecting a profound inner transformation and as a foundation for the very highest teachings of the Great Perfection, or Dzogchen. In particular, the Longchen Nyingtik ngöndro—revealed by the great saint Jigme Lingpa following a series of visions in which he was blessed by the omniscient Longchen Rabjam and received the transmission of his wisdom mind—has long been cherished by followers of all traditions on account of its power, depth, and poetic beauty.
This compelling study of the Ri-me movement and of the major Buddhist lineages of Tibet is comprehensive and accessible. It includes an introduction to the history and philosophy of the Ri-me movement; a biography of the movement's leader, the meditation master and philosopher known as Jamgön Kongtrul the Great; helpful summaries of the eight lineages' practice-and-study systems, which point out the different emphases of the schools; an explanation of the most hotly disputed concepts; and an overview of the old and new tantras. Jamgön Kongtrul the Great (1813–1899) is a giant in Tibetan history, renowned for his scholarly and meditative achievements, but also for his energetic yet evenhanded work to unify and strengthen the different lineages of Buddhism. The Ri-me movement, led by Kongtrul and several other leading scholars of the time, was a unifying effort to cut through interscholastic divisions and disputes that were occurring between the different lineages. These leaders sought appreciation of the differences and acknowledgment of the importance of variety in benefiting practitioners with different needs. The Ri-me teachers also took great care that the teachings and practices of the different schools and lineages, and their unique styles, did not become confused with one another. This lucid survey of the Ri-me movement will be of interest to serious scholars and practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism.
Dzogchen (Great Perfection) goes to the heart of our experience by investigating the relationship between mind and world and uncovering the great secret of mind's luminous nature. Weaving in personal stories and everyday examples, Pema Rigtsal leads the reader to see that all phenomena are the spontaneous display of mind, a magical illusion, and yet there is something shining in the midst of experience that is naturally pure and spacious. Not recognizing this natural great perfection is the root cause of suffering and self-centered clinging. After introducing us to this liberating view, Pema Rigtsal explains how it is stabilized and sustained in effortless meditation: without modifying anything, whatever thoughts of happiness or sorrow arise simply dissolve by themselves into the spaciousness of pure presence. The book is divided into chapters on the view, meditation as the path, conduct, the attainment, and the four bardos. Each chapter consists of mini-sections that can be read as stand-alone Dharma talks. Pema Rigtsal has studied and lived with several authentic Dzogchen masters and has surprising stories to tell about their unconventional methods to introduce students to the subtle view of Dzogchen.