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Recently the world celebrated the 60th anniversary of the invention of the first transistor. The first integrated circuit (IC) was built a decade later, with the first microprocessor designed in the early 1970s. Today, ICs are a part of nearly every aspect of our daily lives. They help us live longer and more comfortably, and do more, faster. All this is possible because of the relentless search for new materials, circuit designs, and ideas happening on a daily basis at industrial and academic institutions around the globe. Showcasing the latest advances in very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications provides a balanced view of industrial and academic developments beyond silicon and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. From quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) to chips for cochlear implants, this must-have resource: Investigates the trend of combining multiple cores in a single chip to boost performance of the overall system Describes a novel approach to enable physically unclonable functions (PUFs) using intrinsic features of a VLSI chip Examines the VLSI implementations of major symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic algorithms, hash functions, and digital signatures Discusses nonvolatile memories such as resistive random-access memory (Re-RAM), magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), and floating-body RAM (FB-RAM) Explores organic transistors, soft errors, photonics, nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays, reversible computation, bioinformatics, asynchronous logic, and more VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications presents cutting-edge research, design architectures, materials, and uses for VLSI circuits, offering valuable insight into the current state of the art of micro- and nanoelectronics.
The utilization of sun light is one of the hottest topics in sustainable energy research. To efficiently convert sun power into a reliable energy – electricity – for consumption and storage, silicon and its derivatives have been widely studied and applied in solar cell systems. This handbook covers the photovoltaics of silicon materials and devices, providing a comprehensive summary of the state of the art of photovoltaic silicon sciences and technologies. This work is divided into various areas including but not limited to fundamental principles, design methodologies, wafering techniques/fabrications, characterizations, applications, current research trends and challenges. It offers the most updated and self-explanatory reference to all levels of students and acts as a quick reference to the experts from the fields of chemistry, material science, physics, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, solar energy, etc..