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Software projects today are often characterized by poor quality, schedule overruns and high costs. One of the approaches to address the poor success rate is to track the project progress with a stakeholder driven measurement model that is objective and validated theoretically and empirically. In this backdrop, based on the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) model this book proposes a generic and objective measurement model for a software project with eight key measures based on the value propositions of the stakeholders. The measurement model is validated (i) theoretically with measurement theory criteria and (ii) empirically with case studies and a global survey representing IT industry practitioners.
Software projects today are often characterized by poor quality, schedule overruns and high costs. Hence project decision makers need an objective and validated measurement framework to allocate limited resources and to track project progress. In this backdrop, based on the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) model, Prashanth Harish Southekal has come up with eight generic objective measures for the project stakeholders to base their corrective actions for successful project delivery . The measurement framework is validated (i) theoretically with measurement theory criteria and (ii) empirically with case studies (Controlled and Uncontrolled) including a global survey representing industry practitioners from 29 countries.
The software Measurement Guidebook provides practical guidance for the quantitative Support for the management of a software project. It shows how to apply the goal-question-metric (GQM) paradigm to systematically select metrics for purposes of project control and/or process improvement. It presents methods for estimating software size, cost, and development schedule, and for monitoring and evaluating the status of a software project. The guidebook also describes the role of software metrics in raising the capability maturity level of a software development organization. It presents guidance on how to collect and validate metrics data and how to feed back experience data to developers as part of statistical process control. It presents measures of software quality and describes models for estimating and predicting software defects. Also, methods for estimating the impact of code reuse on software cost, schedule, and quality are presented.
Organizations have several different kinds of measurement programs around cost, time, risk, quality, management buy-in, user buy-in, etc. In order to conduct a measurement program, information on the measurement objectives are captured in the form of metrics. In the past, there have been several problems reported with software metrics. The most critical of these is the fact that these metrics do not provide an easy way to be comprehended and applied. GQM is one such method that helps ask specific questions towards the management goals and provides for metrics that answer these specific questions. Since this metrics plan is defined purely based on management goals, GQM provides for better use of such software metrics by tying these metrics to the management goals. Thus, the GQM methodology provides for better understanding and base-lining the management organization's practices by taking a structured and collective approach towards deriving metrics. The GQM methodology provides for effective metrics that help answer important questions tied to management goals. However, even such an effective metrics program may sometimes not be successful. One of the most important causes is that such programs may be hard or difficult to implement. Variations to the GQM methodology such as continuous GQM and V-GQM are far easier to use and save the management time and effort. The introduction of the GQM methodology to software measurement was a significant step forward in that, when used, it causes software measurement users to consciously consider the connections between what they want and need to accomplish and the metrics used. The continuous GQM variation was developed in conjunction with the automated use of metrics. The V-GQM variation used the idea of continuous GQM, though without requiring automated metrics, to highlight additional benefits of repeated uses of the GQM methodology. However, even with significant advances and improvements in software measurement programs, these programs will often not be successful without positive buy-in from managers and metrics users. Interestingly, managers and metrics users are not always most interested in the quality of the measurement programs. Often, especially, when busy, managers and metrics users really want a measurement program that in many ways is self sustaining and this self sustainability is a natural benefit of the continuous GQM and the V-GQM methodologies. Of course, the most self sustaining metrics programs are in some ways the automated ones. However, especially, from managers' perspectives, the continuous GQM and especially, the V-GQM are very self sustaining from a monitoring perspective. With the V-GQM methodology, once the metrics program is set up, it can run until the goal or goals are obtained. Such a program is ideal from a manager's perspective. This self sustainability of using the continuous GQM and, especially, the V-GQM is an aspect of these methodologies which is a highlight of my using these methodologies in my data warehouse project. The measurement projects were easy for me to implement, and their use was transparent to my manager. By the use of a real-life project, each of the above methodologies have been put to use and benefits derived by management by the use of such methodologies have been documented in this thesis. Other potential benefits to management by the use of such methodologies such as finding out the rate of increase of data and the amount of data in the data warehouse at any given point in time are also highlighted in this thesis. Management/organizations can thus take advantage of these methodologies and apply them to several measurement programs.
Thirty papers presented at an April 2001 symposium report on measurement, empirical studies and other quantitative and qualitative methods applied to software development, management and quality assurance. Some of the topics are: a software cost estimation model based on categorical data, the influence of team size and defect detection technique on inspection effectiveness, information theory based measures of coupling and cohesion of a module, and usage measurement for statistical web testing and reliability analysis. Other topics include evaluating software degradation through entropy, a feedback approach to validation of a GQM study, the impact of design properties on development cost in object oriented systems, and using simulation to evaluate prediction techniques. No subject index. c. Book News Inc.
The author explains what is meant by software measurement and how to decide what to measure; how to use measurement to support different aspects of a process improvement programme; how to set quantitative goals using a pragmatic approach to the Goal-Question-Metric paradigm; how to set up a metrication programme and design a data collection system; and how to analyse the software data collected.
It is quite clear that measurement is necessary for the software development Out process to be successful. In addition, the path to controlling and improving the software design process may lie in the use of an object-oriented design approach. The recent movement toward object-oriented technology must also include the processes that control object-oriented development, namely software measures. Tom DeMarco summarizes the essence of these sentiments by stating, "You cannot control what you cannot measure" DeMarco 87. Measurement encompasses many aspects of the software life cycle. The emphasis of this document is on the design and implementation phases of an object-oriented approach. Viewing measurement from a higher level, software measurement activities must have specific objectives. After these objectives are identified, the concepts, terminology, and measures presented in this module can be used to construct a framework applicable to the environment under consideration. One such objective-oriented approach is the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) paradigm proposed by Victor Basili and H. Dieter Rombach Basili 88. The basic premise of the GQM paradigm is that any software measurement activity is preceded by a goal. This goal leads to questions which generally involve quantification of the goal. Quantification issues lead to measures. This module will assist the practitioner and instructor in deciding which measures are appropriate answers to which questions. (KAR) P. 14.
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