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Effective water and energy use in food processing is essential, not least for legislative compliance and cost reduction. This major volume reviews techniques for improvements in the efficiency of water and energy use as well as wastewater treatment in the food industry.Opening chapters provide an overview of key drivers for better management. Part two is concerned with assessing water and energy consumption and designing strategies for their reduction. These include auditing energy and water use, and modelling and optimisation tools for water minimisation. Part three reviews good housekeeping procedures, measurement and process control, and monitoring and intelligent support systems. Part four discusses methods to minimise energy consumption. Chapters focus on improvements in specific processes such as refrigeration, drying and heat recovery. Part five discusses water reuse and wastewater treatment in the food industry. Chapters cover water recycling, disinfection techniques, aerobic and anaerobic systems for treatment of wastewater. The final section concentrates on particular industry sectors including fresh meat and poultry, cereals, sugar, soft drinks, brewing and winemaking.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Handbook of water and energy management in food processing is a standard reference for the food industry. - Provides an overview of key drivers for better management - Reviews techniques for improvements in efficiency of water and energy use and waste water treatment - Examines house keeping proceedures and measurement and process control
The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.
Refrigeration Systems and Applications, 2nd edition offers a comprehensive treatise that addresses real-life technical and operational problems, enabling the reader to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technology. New and unique analysis techniques (including exergy as a potential tool), models, correlations, procedures and applications are covered, and recent developments in the field are included - many of which are taken from the author's own research activities in this area. The book also includes some discussion of global warming issues and its potential solutions. Enables the reader to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies. Discusses crucial industrial technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis. Includes fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, fluid flow, and heat transfer; refrigerants; refrigeration cycles and systems; advanced refrigeration cycles and systems, including some novel applications; heat pumps; heat pipes; and many more. Provides easy to follow explanations, numerous new chapter-end problems and worked-out examples as learning aids for students and instructors. Refrigeration is extensively used in a variety of thermal engineering applications ranging from the cooling of electronic devices to food cooling processes. Its wide-ranging implications and applications mean that this industry plays a key role in national and international economies, and it continues to be an area of active research and development. Refrigeration Systems and Applications, 2nd edition forms a useful reference source for graduate and postgraduate students and researchers in academia and as well as practicing engineers working in this important field who are interested in refrigeration systems and applications and the methods and analysis tools for their analysis, design and performance improvement.
Ensuring optimum ventilation performance is a vital part of building design. Prepared by recognized experts from Europe and the US, and published in association with the International Energy Agency's Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC), this authoritative work provides organized, classified and evaluated information on advances in the key areas of building ventilation, relevant to all building types. Complexities in airflow behaviour, climatic influences, occupancy patterns and pollutant emission characteristics make selecting the most appropriate ventilation strategy especially difficult. Recognizing such complexities, the editors bring together expertise on each key issue. From components to computer tools, this book offers detailed coverage on design, analysis and performance, and is an important and comprehensive publication in this field. Building Ventilation will be an invaluable reference for professionals in the building services industry, architects, researchers (including postgraduate students) studying building service engineering and HVAC, and anyone with a role in energy-efficient building design.
Carbon emissions from the retail segment of the food cold chain are relatively high compared to other parts of the food cold chain. Studies have also shown that food temperature is less well controlled at the retail and consumer end of the cold chain. There is therefore considerable potential to optimize performance of refrigerated display cabinets and the refrigeration systems that are used to operate them to reduce carbon emissions and to improve food temperature control. Sustainable Retail Refrigeration draws together world experts on retail refrigeration. In a single resource, the authors cover the latest technologies and best current knowledge in the field. With increasing concerns about energy use and global warming gasses, retailers are increasingly being called to account for their actions. Sustainable Retail Refrigeration is a valuable reference to manufacturers, managers and policy makers, incorporating both a design and an operational perspective.
Multi-state System Reliability Analysis and Optimization for Engineers and Industrial Managers presents a comprehensive, up-to-date description of multi-state system (MSS) reliability as a natural extension of classical binary-state reliability. It presents all essential theoretical achievements in the field, but is also practically oriented. New theoretical issues are described, including: • combined Markov and semi-Markov processes methods, and universal generating function techniques; • statistical data processing for MSSs; • reliability analysis of aging MSSs; • methods for cost-reliability and cost-availability analysis of MSSs; and • main definitions and concepts of fuzzy MSS. Multi-state System Reliability Analysis and Optimization for Engineers and Industrial Managers also discusses life cycle cost analysis and practical optimal decision making for real world MSSs. Numerous examples are included in each section in order to illustrate mathematical tools. Besides these examples, real world MSSs (such as power generating and transmission systems, air-conditioning systems, production systems, etc.) are considered as case studies. Multi-state System Reliability Analysis and Optimization for Engineers and Industrial Managers also describes basic concepts of MSS, MSS reliability measures and tools for MSS reliability assessment and optimization. It is a self-contained study resource and does not require prior knowledge from its readers, making the book attractive for researchers as well as for practical engineers and industrial managers.
This book presents selected papers from the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019), with a focus on HVAC techniques for improving indoor environment quality and the energy efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Presenting inspiration for implementing more efficient and safer HVAC systems, the book is a valuable resource for academic researchers, engineers in industry, and government regulators.
The air distribution in occupied spaces is a major issue of public concern. It is widely recognized that the quality of air and the nature of airflow can affect the health of occupants and the energy consumed in buildings and transport vehicles. ROOMVENT is the principal international conference in the field of air distribution. It was first initiated in 1987 by SCANVAC, the Scandinavian Federation of Heating, Ventilating and Sanitary Engineering Associations in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The aim of the Conference is to bring together researchers from universities and research institutes, engineers from industry and government officials and policy makers, with the goal of experiencing the latest techniques for measuring and analyzing indoor air flow, the visualization of indoor air flow patterns, the evaluation of ventilation parameters and the most recent developments in computer simulation techniques of room airflow. It is hoped that the theme of ROOMVENT 2000 "Ventilation for Health and Sustainable Environment" will set the scene for room air distribution research and development for the new millennium.
This ready reference is unique in collating in one scientifically precise and comprehensive handbook the widespread data on what is feasible and realistic in modern fuel cell technology. Edited by one of the leading scientists in this exciting area, the short, uniformly written chapters provide economic data for cost considerations and a full overview of demonstration data, covering such topics as fuel cells for transportation, fuel provision, codes and standards. The result is highly reliable facts and figures for engineers, researchers and decision makers working in the field of fuel cells.
The final quality of a food product is impacted heavily by preservation technologies, such as chilling, freezing, and freeze-drying, as well as the numerous pretreatments that are routinely applied to foods. Adequate design and implementation of each of these treatments are critical to ensuring the integrity of the final food product, the productiv