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It is not possible to understand the present or future climate unless scientists can account for the enormous and rapid cycles of glaciation that have taken place over the last million years, and which are expected to continue into the future. A great deal has happened in the theory of the ice ages over the last decade, and it is now widley accepted that ice ages are driven by changes in the Earth's orbit. The study of ice ages is very inter-disciplinary, covering geology, physics, glaciology, oceanography, atmospheric science, planetary orbit calculations astrophysics and statistics.
"John and Mary Gribbin tell the remarkable story of how we came to understand the phenomenon of Ice Ages, focusing on the key personalities obsessed with the search for answers. How frequently do Ice Ages occur? How do astronomical rhythms affect the Earth's climate? Have there always been two polar ice caps? Is it true that tiny changes in the heat balance of the Earth could plunge us back into full Ice Age conditions? With startling new material on how the last major Ice Epoch could have hastened human evolution, Ice Age explains why the Earth was once covered in ice - and how that made us human."--BOOK JACKET.
In this engrossing and accessible book, Doug Macdougall explores the causes and effects of ice ages that have gripped our planet throughout its history, from the earliest known glaciation—nearly three billion years ago—to the present. Following the development of scientific ideas about these dramatic events, Macdougall traces the lives of many of the brilliant and intriguing characters who have contributed to the evolving understanding of how ice ages come about. As it explains how the great Pleistocene Ice Age has shaped the earth's landscape and influenced the course of human evolution, Frozen Earth also provides a fascinating look at how science is done, how the excitement of discovery drives scientists to explore and investigate, and how timing and chance play a part in the acceptance of new scientific ideas. Macdougall describes the awesome power of cataclysmic floods that marked the melting of the glaciers of the Pleistocene Ice Age. He probes the chilling evidence for "Snowball Earth," an episode far back in the earth's past that may have seen our planet encased in ice from pole to pole. He discusses the accumulating evidence from deep-sea sediment cores, as well as ice cores from Greenland and the Antarctic, that suggests fast-changing ice age climates may have directly impacted the evolution of our species and the course of human migration and civilization. Frozen Earth also chronicles how the concept of the ice age has gripped the imagination of scientists for almost two centuries. It offers an absorbing consideration of how current studies of Pleistocene climate may help us understand earth's future climate changes, including the question of when the next glacial interval will occur.
Tobias Krüger explores the discovery of the Ice Ages, how the idea was received, and what further research it stimulated. The approach used in Discovering the Ice Ages is uniquely sweeping. The contemporary debates on the subject are compared from an international perspective. Krüger retraces the arguments advanced from the middle of the 18th century to the threshold of the 20th century. The positions held by defenders of the glacial theory as well as those by its most important opponents are set within the context of the then current understanding of geology. In an interdisciplinary overview Krüger then focuses on the impetus gained from early ice-age research. The most prominent examples worth mentioning are the discovery of trace gases and the greenhouse effect.
The fascinating story of how a harsh terrain that resembled modern Antarctica has been transformed gradually into the forests, grasslands, and wetlands we know today.
Five photographic essays and five chapters on ice ages for the general reader.
Only in the last decade have climatologists developed an accurate picture of yearly climate conditions in historical times. This development confirmed a long-standing suspicion: that the world endured a 500-year cold snap -- The Little Ice Age -- that lasted roughly from A.D. 1300 until 1850. The Little Ice Age tells the story of the turbulent, unpredictable and often very cold years of modern European history, how climate altered historical events, and what they mean in the context of today's global warming. With its basis in cutting-edge science, The Little Ice Age offers a new perspective on familiar events. Renowned archaeologist Brian Fagan shows how the increasing cold affected Norse exploration; how changing sea temperatures caused English and Basque fishermen to follow vast shoals of cod all the way to the New World; how a generations-long subsistence crisis in France contributed to social disintegration and ultimately revolution; and how English efforts to improve farm productivity in the face of a deteriorating climate helped pave the way for the Industrial Revolution and hence for global warming. This is a fascinating, original book for anyone interested in history, climate, or the new subject of how they interact.
I plotted our suns course through space to discover that our sun was born in the constellation Orion. After the planets were formed Earth was covered with a five-mile-thick coating of ice one billion years. We eventually drifted near the Sirius multiple star system and little Sirius B (1.5 solar masses) grabbed hold of our sun putting it in orbit around Sirius A. During the rein of the dinosaurs the atmospheric pressure was around 30 pounds per square inch. Now it is 14.5 pounds per square inch. Before our sun was captured by the Sirius system earth had an atmosphere of 750 pounds per square inch. Such an atmosphere extended 2,500 miles above the planet. There was no way sunlight could thaw out mile-deep ice over the oceans. It took the power of a white dwarf to get life started. Our sun does not have enough power to keep us out of the ice ages otherwise we wouldnt have them! Cosmological Ice Ages Solved: the greatest mysteries of all time! Where was our sun born? What took Earth out of a billion year ice age? What made all the coal, oil and limestone? How did Earth get a 20.8% oxygen atmosphere? Where did the energy come from to make all the coal, oil and limestone? Who, what, when and why was the moon brought into orbit around Earth? By Henry Kroll 384 pages 8.5 by 11; quality trade paperback (soft cover); Catalog #08-0164; ISBN 1-4251-7062-5; US$31.35, C$31.35, EUR21.42, 16.19 About the Book I plotted our suns course through space to discover that our sun was born in the constellation Orion. After the planets were formed Earth was covered with a five-mile-thick coating of ice one billion years with an atmospheric pressure of over 750-pounds per square inch. Sunlight could not penetrate such an atmosphere extending 2,500-miles above the planet. We eventually drifted near the Sirius multiple star-system. Little Sirius B (1.5 solar masses) grabbed hold of our sun putting it in orbit around Sirius A. Earth has lost 98% of its atmosphere (AKA radiation shield). Our sun does not have enough power to keep us out of the ice ages. The additional light and heat from Sirius star system that melted the ice caps and got life started in the oceans. Over time the 750 PSI carbon dioxide atmosphere was laid down as coal, oil and limestone using photosynthesis and light from Sirius A and B. Dinosaurs couldnt live in todays atmosphere because their lungs were too small. 65-million years ago the atmosphere was 30 to 60 PSI. Earth has lost 98% of its atmosphere. It is now 14.5 pounds per square inch. We have a limited time to get our act together and get off the planet to seed life in other biospheres. www.GuardDogBooks.com Wholesale orders (20 or more): www.Trafford.com www.AlaskaPublishing.com Also: www.Amazon.com www.AmazonUK.com www.Barns&Noble.com www.GuardDogBooks.com www.AlaskaPublishin.com
Travel back in time to the ice age! Saber-toothed cats, woolly mammoths, and more! Timeline Science: The Ice Age features all the Ice Age favorites as it chronicles Earth's glacial periods and the animals that lived in those icy conditions. From the giants of the Ice Age to cave-dwelling mammals, this kit traverses glacial and interglacial periods, recent discoveries, and future ice ages. After reading each animal profile, kids can unfold the timeline poster, use the included stickers, and build their very own woolly mammoth skeleton!