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For more than 50 years, crash studies involving human subjects have improved understanding of occupant and vehicle kinematics, helped explain injury mechanisms in lower speed collisions, and led to improved seat and vehicle design. Human Subject Crash Testing: Innovations and Advances includes 42 of the most important historical and current studies which used living human subjects in frontal, side, and rear-end impacts. Covering more than 50 years of research (from 1955 through 2006), the book includes numerous landmark SAE papers, as well as papers from other conference proceedings. Papers were chosen based on criteria that included quality and rigor of methods, uniqueness, number of subjects, and long-term reference value. This book also features a comprehensive bibliography, which contains brief summaries of other relevant human subject crash test studies that are not included in the book.
Written by two leading chiropractic authorities, this Third Edition helps the reader understand, assess, diagnose, and treat whiplash injuries (cervical acceleration/deceleration syndrome). The text reviews the developmental anatomy and underlying anatomy associated with the syndrome and examines biomechanics related to whiplash. In addition, the book covers assessment techniques including clinical radiographic examinations such as MRI and CT.
This is more than just a book. It's an attitude. It's a mentality. It's a lifestyle. The F*IT List is my journey, my life, my lessons, my successes, and my many failures... in my own words. This is a lifestyle as much as it is an actual list of shit to get done. It is an attitude that bleeds into every aspect of your life. It constantly challenges you to question the norms of society and push the limits of the status quo. Specifically, your status quo. Most importantly, The F*It List forces action. It promotes energy and gives life. It allows you to stand up for what you believe, but also helps give perspective on external situations and opinions outside of your control. It's not always comfortable and in many instances, it is downright scary. Yet, instead of searching for the meaning of life, you will be authentically living it. Too often we put limits on ourselves, creating boundaries around what we believe we are capable of. We immerse ourselves in a fixed mindset and make every excuse along the way. I'm too old, I'm too young, I'm too tired, I'm too shy, I'm too weak, I'm not smart enough, I'm not pretty enough, I'm not rich enough, I'm not a good enough athlete..." Bullshit! If there is one TRUTH that I have learned in life, it's that you get out what you put in. The question then becomes, are you willing to put in the work to challenge yourself to live your authentic life? Are you willing to say f*ck the result while completely embracing everything the process has to offer? It's not always that easy to say f*ck it... The F*It List is a collection of real-life stories compiled over the last 40 years, all about the PROCESS. Every story is complimented with a 'Human Crash Test Dummy Life Lesson' drawn from each invaluable experience.
[Author's abstract] Over the past few years, the computer aided engineering tools have focused on the occupant safety and comfort. Wide ranges of crash tests have been performed in order to study the occupant kinematics and injury response. Similar models were built with the help of simulation tools and validated with the crash test data. The main purpose of building the simulation models is to reduce the number of full scale sled tests which require large flow time and are associated with significant costs. Moreover the Sled tests are typically not repeatable. Therefore this research is mainly focused on building the simulation models, which are aimed at performing the same results as the sled tests. Crash test dummies are widely used in automotive safety research and design. Hence it is logical that the first Hybrid dummy models developed were based on the crash dummies. These models have the same differences that exist between crash dummies and the real human body. Considering the growing demand to improve the occupant safety and comfort for an ever wider range of crash situations than those covered by the current regulation, Human Body Models were introduced in the occupant safety. In general it is of interest and importance to study the dynamic behavior and potential injuries to a real human being than a crash test dummy, and to obtain difference or correlation between the two. Several models describing sub systems of the human body have been developed in the past, but few models describe the response of the entire human body in impact conditions. Also these models are usually restricted to one of the three loading directions: frontal, lateral or rear. Taking into consideration all these facts, an "omni directional" human body model representing the average age male is developed. In this thesis, occupant response and injury parameters of the HBM (Human Body Model) are studied and compared to SID H3 and EUROSID I dummies. All the models were tested for FMVSS 214 regulation and IIHS Crash Testing procedures. The study is further extended to FMVSS 214 and IIHS with Chevy Pick up as a striking car instead of Moving Deformable Barrier ("MBD") as in earlier case) with relaxed regulations, for side impact crash. The results from this study indicates that the response of the Human Body Model (HBM) is more similar to a real human being when compared to dummy models SID H3 and EUROSID 1, however there are few recommendations which can make the response even better.
Governed by strict regulations and the intricate balance of complex interactions among variables, the application of mechanics to vehicle crashworthiness is not a simple task. It demands a solid understanding of the fundamentals, careful analysis, and practical knowledge of the tools and techniques of that analysis. Vehicle Crash Mechanics s
It is an inescapable fact that causation, both generally (in populations), and specifically (in individuals), cannot be observed. Rather, causation is determined when it can be inferred that the risk of an observed injury or disease from a plausible cause is greater than the risk from other plausible causes. While many causal evaluations performed in forensic medicine are simplified by the fact that the circumstances surrounding the onset of an injury or disease clearly rules out competing causes (eg, a death following a fall), there are many cases that present a more complicated picture. It is these types of investigations, in which an analysis of comparative levels of risk from competing causes is needed to arrive at a reliable and accurate determination of the most likely cause, that forensic epidemiology (FE) is directed at.In Forensic Epidemiology, the authors present the legal and scientific theories underlying the methods by which risk is used in the investigation of individual causation. Methods and principles from epidemiology are combined with those from a multitude of other disciplines, including general medicine, pharmacology, forensic pathology, biostatistics, and biomechanics, inter alia, as a basis for investigating the plausibility of injury and disease exposures and mechanisms. The ultimate determination of the probability of causation (PC) results from an assessment of the strength of association of the investigated relationship in the individual, based on a comparison between the risk of disease or injury from the investigated exposure versus the risk of the same disease or injury occurring at the same point in time in the individual, but absent the exposure. The principles and methods described in Forensic Epidemiology will be of interest to those who work and study in the fields of forensic medicine, epidemiology, and the law. Historical perspective on how epidemiologic evidence of causation has been used in courts in the US and Europe Theory and science underlying the use of risk to assess individual causation Primer on epidemiologic methods, and various measures used to arrive at individualized comparative risk assessments and PC The use of statistical methods applied to publicly available data for ad hoc analysis of PC applicable to the specific circumstances of a case Background on complementary disciplines, including forensic pathology, death investigation, biomechanics, and survival analysis Examples of applied FE in the investigation of traffic injury and death, automotive and other product defect litigation, medical negligence, and criminal prosecution and defense