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Against the backdrop of ancient cultures, a communist legacy and eventual institutional atrophy, many of the societies of Central and Eastern Europe have pursued aggressive development trajectories since the early 1990s. This part of Europe is now characterized by a rising economic heterogeneity and a rapidly changing socio-cultural context, underscored by waves of restructuring, privatization, increasing foreign direct investment and an emerging individualism. While there has been a growing interest in the transition economies in the past number of years, the contemporary nature of human resource management in these societies is not well-documented. This long-awaited text seeks to chart the contemporary landscape of HRM in this region. In doing this, it describes key aspects of the transition process as experienced in each of the economies under consideration, as well as describing key legislative and labour market developments and reforms. Finally, it discusses key trends in HRM policy and practice.
Europe today is characterized by aging populations, changing family patterns, dropping fertility rates and mass migration. With the potentially massive ramifications this has for pensions, health, housing, transport, family relations, employment and other sectors of society, The New Generations of Europeans sets out to assess what it is to be a citizen of a growing EU and what important demographic, social, and economic issues will have to be faced by European decision makers. Edited by leading demographers and sociologists, and made up of contributions from respected researchers in the fields of population and society from different parts of Europe, it presents the results of five years of research by the European Observatory on the Social Situation, Demography and the Family. With the aid of over 100 graphs and tables and a full discussion, this book asks how numerous, fertile and long-lived the new generations of European citizens will be. The state of families, immigration and health are all examined, especially in the context of the challenges that will be faced in maintaining social cohesion. Crucially, the question of how demographic changes will impact Europe's socioeconomic infrastructure is woven throughout.
The changing demographic landscape which Europe is facing today and in the next decades reflects the past. These changes constitute important challenges to European populations and societies. Shifts in fertility and family formation, in health, morbidity and mortality, in internal and international migration as well as changes in age structures, in households, in labour forces, and in population growth and decline, will influence the living conditions and well-being of Europe's population directly or indirectly. The demographic challenge also concerns the environment, local, regional and national developments, education, production and consumption patterns, economic competitiveness, social security, housing, employment and transport, and health and social care provisions. These issues, their mechanisms, determinants and consequences also challenge the scientific study of population. As a major forum and 'market place' for scientific demographic debate, the 1999 European Population Conference (EPC99) was organized to take up this challenge. On the threshold of the third millennium, European populations are united in diversity and face major demographic issues.
Presents information about fertility, mortality and migration, in Europe, to show possible future developments in population age structures and sizes.
This monograph brings together a number of important papers dealing with the medical, societal and demographic ramifications of fertility and is a very valuable contribution to the European debate on fertility. The very low fertility levels in several EU Member States are a matter of public concern. An increase in fertility will not by itself stop demographic ageing but can contribute to decelerating current demographic trends. It is therefore essential to understand better the reasons behind Europe's low fertility rates. The difficulty of reconciling private life with a professional career far too often compel women to postpone having a family or to have fewer children than they would desire. It follows that more and more couples reach an age where fertility problems become prevalent. Involuntary infertility is a serious medical condition with strong negative consequences on the wellbeing of the couples concerned and has a negative impact on demographic trends.
European market integration was originally seen as the way to overcome national enmities in the wake of World War II. Over time, it acquired the purpose of social melioration as well. Today, the advanced market societies are richer than they have ever been, yet each is driven by social and economic divisions as some groups thrive while others lose ground. The tension between the social demand for equity and security, and the market's drive to burst the bonds of state regulation both internally and at the border post, has taken on new complexity. It is this issue that underlies domestic political struggles over privatisation, safety-net programmes, immigration policies and trade agreements. Will European Union survive the stresses of high employment and the strains of German unification? These are some of the questions Dusan Pokorny considers in this second volume of his exploration of the efficiency-justice conundrum.
A Social History of Twentieth-Century Europe offers a systematic overview on major aspects of social life, including population, family and households, social inequalities and mobility, the welfare state, work, consumption and leisure, social cleavages in politics, urbanization as well as education, religion and culture. It also addresses major debates and diverging interpretations of historical and social research regarding the history of European societies in the past one hundred years. Organized in ten thematic chapters, this book takes an interdisciplinary approach, making use of the methods and results of not only history, but also sociology, demography, economics and political science. Béla Tomka presents both the diversity and the commonalities of European societies looking not just to Western European countries, but Eastern, Central and Southern European countries as well. A perfect introduction for all students of European history.
This title was first published in 2003. Most of the essays collected in this volume are the revised versions of the reports presented at a conference held at the University of Tokyo in October 2001, organised as part of the initiatives of the "Italian Year" in Japan, and supported by the Foundation Italy in Japan 2001, the Italian Chamber of Commerce in Tokyo, the Italian Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Higher Education, and the University of Tokyo. The essays, which aim at a fact-based presentation, provide a thorough survey of the relevant problems and aspects of present-day Italian economy and society. Those peculiar features of the Italian economy, such as its dualistic industrial structure and territorial divide, are analysed at length, with an eye to open policy options. The economic analyses are complemented by presentations of some of the central topics on the Italian social framework, such as the role of family and the "Third Sector".
The European Union is expanding. Wide cultural, political and economic differences within the Union have a significant impact on the management of human resources, so crucial to the success of any enterprise. Businesses within the EU have regularly tried to re-evaluate the context in which they work, and for investors from other continents, no