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A perfect body is desired by every human being. Be it in terms of height, weight or mass—the increased awakening to stay fit and to be in shape has led to an urge to be familiar with the human anatomy and its measurements. A compendium of numerous conceptual issues on human body physique, body composition and nutritional status, this book comprehensively discusses various protocols for measuring human body parts. The emphasis is laid on the recommendations made by International Biological Programme (IBP) on Human Adaptability. In addition, the book effectively reveals subtle differences between those individuals who otherwise look similar through various somatotyping techniques (like Heath and Carter). The book also explains how body measurements determine the growth and development of a child; and factors like chronic illnesses, and obesity in an adult. Key Features : Solved examples to provide an analytical insight on the subject Figures and tables to present a lucid picture of all the concepts Review questions to test students’ aptitude on the subject Designed primarily for the postgraduate students of Human Biology, Human Genetics, Anthropology, Physical Education and Sports Sciences, this book is equally beneficial for the physical instructors.
Although its underlying concept is a relatively simple one—the measurement of the human body and its parts—anthropometry employs a myriad of methods and instruments, and is useful for a variety of purposes, from understanding the impact of disease on individuals to tracking changes in populations over time. The first interdisciplinary reference on the subject, the Handbook of Anthropometry brings this wide-ranging field together: basic theory and highly specialized topics in normal and abnormal anthropometry in terms of health, disease prevention, and intervention. Over 140 self-contained chapters cover up-to-date indices, the latest studies on computerized methods, shape-capturing systems, and bioelectrical impedance, data concerning single tissues and whole-body variables, and reports from different areas of the world. Chapters feature helpful charts and illustrations, cross-references to related chapters are included, and key points are presented in bullet form for ease of comprehension. Together, the Handbook’s thirteen sections entail all major aspects of anthropometrical practice and research, including: Tools and techniques. Developmental stages, from fetus to elder. Genetic diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Exercise and nutrition. Ethnic, cultural, and geographic populations. Special conditions and circumstances. The Handbook of Anthropometry is an invaluable addition to the reference libraries of a broad spectrum of health professionals, among them health scientists, physicians, physiologists, nutritionists, dieticians, nurses, public health researchers, epidemiologists, exercise physiologists, and physical therapists. It is also useful to college-level students and faculty in the health disciplines, as well as to policymakers and ergonomists.
The study of human body measurements on a comparative basis is known as anthropometrics. Its applicability to the design process is seen in the physical fit, or interface, between the human body and the various components of interior space. Human Dimension and Interior Space is the first major anthropometrically based reference book of design standards for use by all those involved with the physical planning and detailing of interiors, including interior designers, architects, furniture designers, builders, industrial designers, and students of design. The use of anthropometric data, although no substitute for good design or sound professional judgment should be viewed as one of the many tools required in the design process. This comprehensive overview of anthropometrics consists of three parts. The first part deals with the theory and application of anthropometrics and includes a special section dealing with physically disabled and elderly people. It provides the designer with the fundamentals of anthropometrics and a basic understanding of how interior design standards are established. The second part contains easy-to-read, illustrated anthropometric tables, which provide the most current data available on human body size, organized by age and percentile groupings. Also included is data relative to the range of joint motion and body sizes of children. The third part contains hundreds of dimensioned drawings, illustrating in plan and section the proper anthropometrically based relationship between user and space. The types of spaces range from residential and commercial to recreational and institutional, and all dimensions include metric conversions. In the Epilogue, the authors challenge the interior design profession, the building industry, and the furniture manufacturer to seriously explore the problem of adjustability in design. They expose the fallacy of designing to accommodate the so-called average man, who, in fact, does not exist. Using government data, including studies prepared by Dr. Howard Stoudt, Dr. Albert Damon, and Dr. Ross McFarland, formerly of the Harvard School of Public Health, and Jean Roberts of the U.S. Public Health Service, Panero and Zelnik have devised a system of interior design reference standards, easily understood through a series of charts and situation drawings. With Human Dimension and Interior Space, these standards are now accessible to all designers of interior environments.
Assessment of the physical dimensions of the human body and application of this knowledge to the design of tools, equip ment, and work are certainly among the oldest arts and sciences. It would be an easy task if all anthropometric dimensions, of all people, would follow a general rule. Thus, philosophers and artists embedded their ideas about the most aesthetic proportions into ideal schemes of perfect proportions. "Golden sections" were developed in ancient India, China, Egypt, and Greece, and more recently by Leonardo DaVinci, or Albrecht Durer. However, such canons are fictive since actual human dimensions and proportions vary greatly among individuals. The different physical appearances often have been associated with mental, physiological and behavioral characteristics of the individuals. Hypocrates (about 460-377 BC) taught that there are four temperaments (actually, body fluids) represented by four body types. The psychiatrist Ernst Kretchmer (1888-1964) proposed that three typical somatotypes (pyknic, athletic, aesthenic) could reflect human character traits. Since the 1940's, W. H. Sheldon and his coworkers devised a system of three body physiques (endo-, meso-, ectomorphic). The classification was originally qualitative, and only recently has been developed to include actual measurements.
"In Anthropometry: Types, Uses and Applications, the science of anthropometry, which deals with measurements of human size, shape and proportion, is examined in the context of obesity and overweight, common problems in developed countries and developing countries alike. An estimated 39% of the world's adult population were overweight and 13% were obese over the past 3 decades, and these problems can cause diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and several cancers. While body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a health risk phenotype, it has several limitations because BMI does not accurately depict different components of body composition and is therefore unable to predict the prognostic effect of individual tissues. Other anthropometric measurements, such as waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) each have their advantages and disadvantages. As such, in Chapter 1, different novel anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors among obesity adults are compared and evaluated. Chapter 2 describes a study of children aged 0-12 years conducted in the Middle Senegal River Valley (MISOES) in 1957-1958. This study was based on representative samples of children in urban and rural areas and included measurements of weight, height, arm circumference, and more. These measurements were compared with American standards and showed an overwhelming anthropometric deficit compared with standards. This study is examined in the context of other studies conducted in the region as well as in connection with economic development in the valley. Chapter 3 describes the various methods of assessing body fat and their application for obese individuals to predict the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and Chapter 4 reviews the effect of different modalities of physical exercise on anthropometric measurements and body composition in different populations of older adults"--
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
This book surveys the entire field of body composition as it relates to performance. It includes a clear definition of terminology and a discussion of the various methods for measuring body composition. The authored papers represent a state-of-the-art review of this controversial field and address questions such as: What is a better measure of body compositionâ€"body fat or lean body mass? Does being overweight for one's height really affect performance? The book also addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It includes an in-depth discussion of many of the topics of interest to those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology.
This volume presents the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam which was held from June 27-29, 2018 in Ho Chi Minh City. The volume reflects the progress of Biomedical Engineering and discusses problems and solutions. It aims to identify new challenges, and shaping future directions for research in biomedical engineering fields including medical instrumentation, bioinformatics, biomechanics, medical imaging, drug delivery therapy, regenerative medicine and entrepreneurship in medical devices.
This book addresses instruments, methodologies and diagnostic methods used to evaluate and diagnose human movement, locomotion and physical status in general. Starting from historical perspective, the idea of understanding human locomotion by applying technical measurement devices and incorporating measurement data into physical representation of gross body movement is presented and explained, an approach known as inverse dynamics. With this approach as a kind of umbrella concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data processing methods are described. Modern instruments to capture body movement by measuring its kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyography (sEMG) are thus described; all systems being used dominantly—if not exclusively—in a movement analysis laboratory setting. Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also examples of movement patterns from selected kinesiological and sports activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical engineering approach to this subject matter. It illustrates how data collected and elaborated by modern engineering technology can complement traditional expert knowledge of a kinesiologist or a medical doctor. The book is applicable in the fields of sports, physical activities, as well as in medical diagnostics and rehabilitation. The examples of this book’s practical application might be in evaluation of efficiency of human gait, in evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue in physical exercise, in biomechanical diagnostics of traumatological conditions requiring orthopaedic treatment and the like. This book can also be used in planning and executing research endeavours, particularly in a clinical context as a reference for various diagnostics procedures. It presents the lecture notes of a course carrying the same name within Medical Studies in English at the University of Zagreb for more than a decade.
This book is a companion volume to Metabolic States in which the metaboliccomposition state was introduced. It is a collection of the charts and graphs you will need to identify your own metcom state and record changes in bodyweight and body composition. Topics discussed include emaciation, obesity, heart disease, body mass index (BMI), waisthip ratio (WHR), and the amazing Bruce Randall. See how you measure up with those who are perfectly average, typical athletes in your chosen sport, famous celebrities, or the GrecoRoman gods Apollo, Hercules, and Venus! Keep a graphical record of your bodyweight and composition changes to help improve your health and increase your lifespan!