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Water is a vital need in the lives of living things.One cannot survive without water. The fact is happening today is the reduced availability of clean water and its sustainability as well, many people especially in developing countries have no access to adequate potable water services.Thus, the need for clean potable water, information on the demand side, its sustainability are timely a hot issue among countries and is a global concern.Hence, involving community members in evaluation of their WTP for improved water services projects brings new insights. Thus, this book presents the Households' WTP for Improved Water Supply. In this book, household mean WTP and its sustainability, determinants of WTP, welfare implications and household's actual ability to pay are assessed.The analysis should be used for any policy makers and planners of any country concerning decisions of improved water supply services, and also essential for potable water development projects of any country. Further, the results of this study will have an impact on the academic community, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and useful for anyone else who may be face the paucity of literature in the are
A major problem that confronts many urban areas in the world is the provision of potable water on constant basis. One reason for this occurrence is the inability of service providers to meet the growing demand partly is attributable to ineffective pricing which is below cost recovery levels. In this study we investigate household's willingness to pay for improved water provision together with the factors that determine households willingness to pay using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and the ordered probit econometric model. The study used a cross section data collected from a sample of 315 households drawn from different areas in the Accra-Tema metropolis through a discrete choice with follow-up elicitation format using face-to-face interview. Results from our analysis indicated that, households in the Accra-Tema metropolis are prepared to pay on the average about 7 times more than what they are paying currently. Policy recommendation emanating from the study is that, governments should improve on water infrastructure and consequently water supply and increase tariffs since people are prepared to pay more for improved water supply.
The authors show how willingness to pay surveys can be used to gauge household demand for improved network water and sanitation services. They do this by presenting a case-study from Sri Lanka, where they surveyed approximately 1,800 households in 2003. Using multivariate regression, they show that a complex combination of factors drives demand for service improvements. While poverty and costs are found to be key determinants of demand, the authors also find that location, self-provision, and perceptions matter as well, and that subsets of these factors matter differently for subsamples of the population. To evaluate the policy implications of the demand analysis, they use the model to estimate uptake rates of improved service under various scenarios-demand in subgroups, the institutional decision to rely on private sector provision, and various financial incentives targeted to the poor. The simulations show that in this particular environment in Sri Lanka, demand for piped water services is low, and that it is unlikely that under the present circumstances the goal of nearly universal piped water coverage is going to be achieved. Policy instruments, such as subsidization of connection fees, could be used to increase demand for piped water, but it is unclear whether the benefits of the use of such policies would outweigh the costs.
Until recently, there has been general agreement that improvement and preservation of water quality, though costly, provided economic and social benefits that outweighed the expense. Now, however, some observers are beginning to question whether the costs of the 1972 Water Pollution Control Act may actually exceed those benefits. This book provides answers to some of the questions that have been raised. The authors give measures of several important nonmarket benefits of improved water quality in Colorado's South Platte River Basin and empirically test and confirm the Weisbrod and Krutilla proposals that the general public may be willing to pay for preservation of environmental amenities and that option value and other preservation values must be added to recreation-use values to give an accurate picture of the social benefits of environmental preservation and restoration. Their findings include the fact that even those who do not expect to use the river basin for recreation are willing to pay for the maintenance of a natural ecosystem and to bequest clean water to future generations. The authors also arrive at average amounts households are willing to pay for improved water quality to enhance enjoyment of water-based recreation activities. They suggest that, without such information, it is highly unlikely that sufficient resources will be allocated for the preservation of unique environments and for the improvement of those being degraded.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the supply of affordable, accessible and safe drinking water particularly in rural areas lags behind global progress. Achieving the universal and equitable access objectives warrants an understanding of household behavior in relation to water services. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that influence willingness to pay for improved water service provision in a rural context in Kenya. A total of 601 households in Baringo and Samburu Counties were randomly selected using probability proportional to size technique. The empirical result shows that demographic characteristics of household, water source, quality and quantity, children responsible for fetching water, water access challenges and frequency of diarrhea are significant variables that explain willingness to pay. The findings conclude with important policy recommendations; (i) demand-driven approaches in the design of water supply projects, (ii) enhanced water quality management, and (iii) awareness creation to achieve social and health benefits which can facilitate long-term access and sustainability.
Over 3.5 million residents of Kano metropolis form the epicenter for economic activity and development in Kano state. The current water treatment facilities were built when there were a mere 1,000,000 people living in the metropolis. The three-fold increase in population has made access to water a major public health concern. Families that can afford to buy clean water from vendors do and those that cannot are susceptible to water-borne disease and illness at an ever-increasing rate. In order to determine how much citizens are willing to pay for universal access to water service in the home, the study examines the factors that influence the willingness to pay for improved portable water supply services in Kano metropolis. Data were collected using the multistage random sampling technique from households that are currently and not currently connect to the public water services such that every 40th household in the study area was selected based on the systematic random sampling procedure which brought the sample size to 3735 households. Data obtained from survey were analyzed using a logit model-based contingent valuation. Evidence from the logit model indicated that the mean willingness to pay of households for improved portable water supply is N1, 358.60. The result also shows that household monthly expenditure, age, vendor price, educational qualification, household size and percentage households are willing to pay from income are significant factors that influence the households willingness to pay for improved portable water supply services and correlates in predictable ways with household's willingness to pay for improved portable water supply services. Finally, the study recommends that Government and policy makers in water supply agencies should ensure the provision of up to date water infrastructures. This will help to transform the old rudimentary system of transporting, filtering and distributing the resource to a more efficient form. Making regular payments of water tariff and ensuring maintenance culture were equally recommended.
Sustainable Water Resources Management presents the most current thinking on the environmental, social, and political dimensions of sustainably managing the water supply at local, regional, or basin levels.