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In this comprehensive study, Nicholas Papayanis explores the history of public transportation in Paris, placing it in the context of the city's urban and social development from the seventeenth century through the nineteenth. Regarding the idea of circulation as key to the definition of the modern city, Papayanis integrates an examination of this concept with a sharp focus on the organization and structure of public transit in the French capital. In Horse-Drawn Cabs and Omnibuses in Paris, he is especially concerned with the relationships between public transit and both the nineteenth century's epochal urban reforms and seminal developments in state power and business practices. Papayanis holds that arrangements in urban transit shed light on innumerable aspects of city life. Attitudes of class and gender reveal themselves in the practical restrictions on who used public vehicles. A reinforcement of the existing social divisions of spaces becomes clear. Urban transit is, in addition, a lens through which it is possible to survey the phenomenon of order and disorder in the streets and the evolution of residence and work patterns. By examining the operation and internal structure of early cab and omnibus firms and the French government's creation during the Second Empire of two privately owned monopolies to operate cabs and omnibuses, Papayanis arrives at arresting conclusions about the French entrepreneurial spirit, the emergence in horse-drawn transit firms of early modern management structures, and the central role of the state in arranging a market for private firms. Capitalism, he suggests, created an urban transit network in its own image.
The introduction of omnibus services in the late 1820s revolutionised urban life in Paris, London and many other cities. As the first form of mass transportation—in principle, they were ‘for everyone’—they offered large swaths of the population new ways of seeing both the urban space and one another. This study examines how the omnibus gave rise to a vast body of cultural representations that probed the unique social experience of urban transit. These representations took many forms—from stories, plays and poems to songs, caricatures and paintings—and include works by many well-known artists and authors such as Picasso and Pissarro and Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins and Guy de Maupassant. Analysing this corpus, the book explores how the omnibus and horse-drawn tram functioned in the cultural imagination of the nineteenth century and looks at the types of stories and values that were projected upon them. The study is comparative in approach and considers issues of gender, class and politics, as well as genre and narrative technique.
A groundbreaking work of scholarship that sheds critical new light on the urban renewal of Paris under Napoleon III In the mid-nineteenth century, Napoleon III and his prefect, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, adapted Paris to the requirements of industrial capitalism, endowing the old city with elegant boulevards, an enhanced water supply, modern sewers, and public greenery. Esther da Costa Meyer provides a major reassessment of this ambitious project, which resulted in widespread destruction in the historic center, displacing thousands of poor residents and polarizing the urban fabric. Drawing on newspapers, memoirs, and other archival materials, da Costa Meyer explores how people from different social strata—both women and men—experienced the urban reforms implemented by the Second Empire. As hundreds of tenements were destroyed to make way for upscale apartment buildings, thousands of impoverished residents were forced to the periphery, which lacked the services enjoyed by wealthier parts of the city. Challenging the idea of Paris as the capital of modernity, da Costa Meyer shows how the city was the hub of a sprawling colonial empire extending from the Caribbean to Asia, and exposes the underlying violence that enriched it at the expense of overseas territories. This marvelously illustrated book brings to light the contributions of those who actually built and maintained the impressive infrastructure of Paris, and reveals the consequences of colonial practices for the city's cultural, economic, and political life.
Honorable mention, 2007 Lewis Mumford Prize, American Society of City and Regional Planning The nineteenth century was the golden age of the horse. In urban America, the indispensable horse provided the power for not only vehicles that moved freight, transported passengers, and fought fires but also equipment in breweries, mills, foundries, and machine shops. Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr, prominent scholars of American urban life, here explore the critical role that the horse played in the growing nineteenth-century metropolis. Using such diverse sources as veterinary manuals, stable periodicals, teamster magazines, city newspapers, and agricultural yearbooks, they examine how the horses were housed and fed and how workers bred, trained, marketed, and employed their four-legged assets. Not omitting the problems of waste removal and corpse disposal, they touch on the municipal challenges of maintaining a safe and productive living environment for both horses and people and the rise of organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In addition to providing an insightful account of life and work in nineteenth-century urban America, The Horse in the City brings us to a richer understanding of how the animal fared in this unnatural and presumably uncomfortable setting.
"An unusually compelling work of scholarly synthesis: a history of a city of revolution in a revolutionary century. Garrioch claims that until 1750 Paris remained a city characterized by a powerful sense of hierarchy. From the mid-century on, however, and with gathering speed, economic, demographic, political, and social change swept the city. Having produced an extremely engaging account of the old corporate society, Garrioch turns to the forces that relentlessly undermined it."—John E. Talbott, author of The Pen and Ink Sailor: Charles Middleton and the King's Navy, 1778-1813 "A truly wonderful synthesis of the many historical strands that compose the history of eighteenth-century Paris. In rewriting the history of the French Revolution as a more than century-long urban metamorphosis, Garrioch makes a brilliant case for the centrality of Paris in the history of France."—Bonnie Smith, author of The Gender of History: Men, Women, and Historical Practice
Publisher Description
Features 1998 CAA Annual Conference 95 The Centenary Celebration 101 An International Carriage Meeting 106 Jane Austin's Donkey Cart 107 The Glasgow Omnibus 112 Details: Martin's Auction 117 Tips for a Camel Turnout? 118 Lord Lonsdale's Race Against Time 121 Departments The View from the Box 94 Name that Carriage 100 Letters to the Editor 106 Memories Mostly Horsy 109 The Road Behind 119 Bits of News 124 Book Reviews 125 The Carriage Trade 127
Features The Chariot, Genteel and Otherwise 4 7 The Rebirth of the "Nimrod" 53 William P. Sargent & Co. 57 The London Jobmasters 61 Preparing for the Show Ring 66 The 2002 CAA Learning Weekend 71 Departments The View from the Box 46 Memories Mostly Horsy 51 Letters to the Editor 56 Tack Room Talk 64 The Road Behind: Wisping and Pouncing 69 Book Reviews 73
This Handbook provides a state-of-the-art survey of research in business history. Business historians study the historical evolution of business systems, entrepreneurs and firms, as well as their interaction with their political, economic, and social environment. They address issues of central concern to researchers in management studies and business administration, as well as economics, sociology and political science, and to historians. They employ a range of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, but all share a belief in the importance of understanding change over time. The Oxford Handbook of Business History has brought together leading scholars to provide a comprehensive, critical, and interdisciplinary examination of business history, organized into four parts: Approaches and Debates; Forms of Business Organization; Functions of Enterprise; and Enterprise and Society. The Handbook shows that business history is a wide-ranging and dynamic area of study, generating compelling empirical data, which has sometimes confirmed and sometimes contested widely-held views in management and the social sciences. The Oxford Handbook of Business History is a key reference work for scholars and advanced students of Business History, and a fascinating resource for social scientists in general.
David Drake chronicles the lives of ordinary Parisians during WWII, drawing on diaries and reminiscences of people who endured these years. From his account emerge the broad rhythms and shifting moods of the city and the contingent lives of resisters, collaborators, occupiers, and victims who, unlike us, could not know how the story would end.