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The purpose of this report is to examine HIV testing trends from 2000 to 2011 in the United States in order to consider the impact of CDC's Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health-Care Settings and other factors that may influence HIV testing. This report provides results of the analysis of four data sources (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)) containing HIV testing information for having ever been tested and tested in the last 12 months for HIV among adults, adolescents, and pregnant women, nationally and by state-level Expanded Testing Initiative funding status. SAS version 9.3 and SUDAAN were used in order to account for the complex sample designs. The analyses included descriptive statistics and linear regression modeling to determine if a significant change in testing occurred between the first and last years of data analyzed. Despite increased testing among some populations, testing in the last 12 months, testing among adolescents, and testing among pregnant women did not change significantly. HIV testing is emphasized in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) and the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) Strategic Plan. One of the targets set forth in the NHAS and the DHAP Strategic Plan is to increase the percentage of people who are living with HIV who know their serostatus from 79% to 90% by 2015. Monitoring and evaluating HIV testing, nationally and at the state-level, is necessary to monitor progress toward this goal and to ensure HIV testing resources are targeted to and reaching persons who are unaware of their infection.
Provides guidelines for the care and counseling of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered youth, and features a review of information and research on lesbian and gay health, identity development, and peer and family issues.
Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.
This book examines the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States using the concept of syndemics to contextualize the risk of both well-known, and a few lesser-known, subpopulations that experience disproportionately high rates of HIV and/or AIDS within the United States. Since discovery, HIV/AIDS has exposed a number of social, psychological, and biological aspects of disease transmission. The concept of “syndemics,” or “synergistically interacting epidemics” has emerged as a powerful framework for understanding both the epidemiological patterns and the myriad of problems associated with HIV/AIDS around the world and within the United States. The book considers the disparities in HIV/AIDS in relation to social aspects, risk behavior and critical illness comorbidities. It updates and enhances our understanding of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and contributes to the expanding literature on the role of syndemics in shaping the public’s health.​
This first part of a 2-part issue of Infectious Disease Clinics, edited by Michael S. Saag, MD and Henry Masur, MD, is devoted to HIV/AIDS. This issue will cover global epidemiology; testing, staging, and evaluation; linkage to care, retention in care; antiretroviral therapy: current drugs, when to start, what to start, failure; update on opportunistic infections; HIV co-morbidities; and co-infection Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.