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The particular book tries to explore several facts regarding Adivasi politics and mobilization in colonial Chhotanagpur during the first half of the 20th century and recognizes its own historical importance and relevance which establishes the fact that the Adivasi Mahasabha, through its political discourses and participation and through the organizational set up, programmes and mobilization of Adivasis, recognized and established Adivasi identity. Adivasi Mahasabha became major socio-political and cultural front as well as a day to day movement for the Adivasis of Chhotanagpur region. There are some fundamental questions; mentioning here that if several Adivasi organizations such as Chhotanagpur Unnati Samaj, Chhotanagpur Catholic Sabha, Kishan Sabha, Munda Sabha and some others political front merged into Adivasi Mahasabha and accepted the secular mode of this particular organization then what was the actual reason behind the formation of Adivasi Sanatan Mahasabha? To what extent Christian Missionaries played a vital role in the making of Adivasi Mahasabha? How Adivasi Mahasabha mobilized the masses of Chhotanagpur and what tactics or programmes they used for channelizing the Adivasis of whole Chhotanagpur? How the leaders of Mahasabha indulged and participated in identity politics with Bihari Congressmen at the times of colonial Bihar? This particular book tries to find out the reasons that how and why Adivasi Mahasabha succeeded in mobilizing the Adivasi masses when there were very few transport facilities and the medium of information technology at that time. It also finds out the reason why the leadership of Adivasi Mahasabha was handed over to Jaipal Singh; why not the other Adivasi leader? What were historical importance of the 2nd Annual Session of Adivasi Mahasabha and its impact and role of Adivasi leadership in its success? How these Adivasi Conferences were conducted and how the opposition reacted and countered to it? What was the role of Adivasi women in the making of Adivasi Mahasabha and to what extent Adivasi women contributed in the success of these Adivasi conferences? How conflicts and controversies played important role among the Adivasis to unite and mobilize against the political opposition? This book reveals some interesting facts such as there were also some internal conflicts within Adivasi Mahasabha where several groups had their own political interests. Generally, we can categorise these conflicts into three major factions. First, it was the extremists who were against collaboration with any other political parties and they always wanted to be an independent or free from any political alliance. The second was those who wanted an alliance with Indian National Congress and majorly supported all congress initiatives. Third was the 'Sarna Adivasis' group who opposed the political agenda of Sanatan Adivasi Mahasabha but concerned only of Sarna Adivasis within Adivasi Mahasabha. Some other important internal rivalries, we can say it as controversy, were Jaipal Singh vs. Julius Tigga and Jaipal Singh vs. Justin Richard. These two internal rivalries were over after sometimes although it had changed Adivasi politics and defined the nature of the Adivasi movement in the long run. As Adivasi Mahasabha movement took a leap forward, some Adivasis also came forward to claim themselves as a true representative of the Adivasis of Chhotanagpur and challenged the leadership of the Mahasabha.
In the Indian context.
In Adivasis and the State, Alf Gunvald Nilsen presents a major study of how subalternity is both constituted and contested through state-society relations in the Bhil heartland of western India. The book unravels the historical processes that subordinated Bhil Adivasi communities to the everyday tyranny of the state and investigates how social movements have mobilised to reclaim citizenship. In doing so, the book also reveals how collective action from below transform the meanings of governmental categories, legal frameworks, and universalising vocabularies of democracy. At the core of the book lies a concern with understanding the dialectics of power and resistance that give form and direction to the political economy of democracy and development in contemporary India. Towards this end, Adivasis and the State contributes a sustained and nuanced Gramscian analysis of hegemony in order to interrogate the possibilities and limits of subaltern political engagement with state structures.
Ramachandra Guha’s India after Gandhi is a magisterial account of the pains, struggles, humiliations and glories of the world’s largest and least likely democracy. A riveting chronicle of the often brutal conflicts that have rocked a giant nation, and of the extraordinary individuals and institutions who held it together, it established itself as a classic when it was first published in 2007. In the last decade, India has witnessed, among other things, two general elections; the fall of the Congress and the rise of Narendra Modi; a major anti-corruption movement; more violence against women, Dalits, and religious minorities; a wave of prosperity for some but the persistence of poverty for others; comparative peace in Nagaland but greater discontent in Kashmir than ever before. This tenth anniversary edition, updated and expanded, brings the narrative up to the present. Published to coincide with seventy years of the country’s independence, this definitive history of modern India is the work of one of the world’s finest scholars at the height of his powers.
This volume presents an overview of the relationship between the state, law, and Adivasis that have experienced a profound political shift due to privatization of natural resources. It discusses the role of the corporates and its impact on livelihoods of the Adivasis in India. For the Indian state, a significant challenge is to establish a new normative framework for indigenous autonomy based on the values of equality and sustainability. This calls for recognition of the right to self-determination and exercise of collective rights of the Adivasis. The chapters in this volume examine: • 'Exclusion' as a useful framework for analyzing the various axes of inequality that affect the Adivasi communities • How state, development, and Adivasi politics play out in entangled ways in the social, political and legal domains • The interplay of and the deep tension between the promise of legal protection and the realities of inadequate implementation.
Adivasi movements played a very important, if not determining, role in the India’s freedom struggle. Gandhi’s idea of mass mobilization couldn’t have been successful without the active participation of all sections of the Indian society. Adivasi movements were swelled by Gandhian ideology only during the Non-Cooperation movement. Though Gandhi’s interest in the tribal problems crystallized at a later stage of his life, his influence on tribal movements was revealing. His association with Thakkar Bapa and Verrier Elwin also enriched his knowledge about tribal state of affairs. Adivasis started looking at Gandhi as saviour or a saint, who could deliver them justice and peace. But, Gandhi always supported Adivasi movements in order to give a mass character to his movements. There were some particular demands of the Adivasis that were not supported by Gandhi. Their armed struggle was also against his non-violent principles. During the latter half of the twentieth century, movements like Tana Bhagat and Hari Baba were purely influenced by the Gandhian ideology, but failed to achieve their goals. Later on, the Jharkhand movement adopted the character of a non-violent struggle; here also the fruits disappeared. The present work focuses on the first three movements of the Chota Nagpur Plateau of eastern India during Gandhi’s lifetime and the current movements against forceful displacement by POSCO, Vedanta and others, in order to comprehend his ideological impact on Adivasi movements of today. The book has critically analysed and evaluated Gandhi’s impact on the Adivasi situation in colonial and post-colonial India. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute print edition in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
This book engages with notions of self and landscape as manifest in water, forest and land via historical and current perspectives in the context of indigenous communities in India. It also brings processes of identity formation among tribes in Africa and Latin America into relief. Using interconnected historical moments and representations of being, becoming and belonging, it situates the content and complexities of Adivasi self-fashioning in contemporary times, and discusses constructions of selfhood, diaspora, homeland, environment and ecology, political structures, state, marginality, development, alienation and rights. Drawing on a range of historical sources – from recorded oral traditions and village histories to contemporary Adivasi self-narratives – the volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of modern Indian history, sociology and social anthropology, tribal and indigenous studies and politics.