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The South Carolina 10th Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Marion, near Georgetown, South Carolina, in July, 1861. Its members were raised in the counties of Georgetown, Horry, Williamsburg, Marion, and Charleston. The regiment moved to Cat Island where many of the men suffered from typhoid fever, measles, and mumps. In March, 1862, it was sent to Mississippi, then in the Kentucky Campaign it was involved in the capture of Munfordsville. During the war it was assigned to General Manigault's and Sharp's Brigade and from September, 1863 to April, 1864, was consolidated with the 19th Regiment. The unit served with the Army of Tennessee from Murfreesboro to Atlanta, endured Hood's winter campaign in Tennessee, and saw action in North Carolina. It lost 16 killed, 91 wounded, and 2 missing at Murfreesboro, and the 10th/19th had 236 killed or wounded at Chickamauga and totaled 436 men and 293 arms in December, 1863. During the Atlanta Campaign, July 20-28, the 10th Regiment lost 19 of 24 officers engaged.
The 20th Georgia Infantry was formed at Columbus in May 1861. They served in the Army of Northern Virginia throughout most of its campaigns. They were attached to Early's Brigade in September of 1861 and transferred to the brigades of Generals Toombs and Benning in April 1862. The 20th fought with the army from the Seven Days Battles to Cold Harbor. They went with General Longstreet to fight at Suffolk, Chickamauga, and operations in east Tennessee including Chattanooga and Knoxville, then returned to Virginia in time for the spring campaign of 1864, enduring the hardships of the Petersburg trenches south and north of the James River. Companies Of The GA 20th Infantry Regiment Company A: Bibb County Company B: Muscogee County. Company C: Jefferson County. Company D: Polk County. Company E: Harris County Company F: Fulton County. Company G: Muscogee County. Company H: Telfair County. Company I: Muscogee County. Company K: Richmond County.
The GA 38th Infantry Regiment was a part of the Lawton - Gordon - Evans brigade made up of the 13th, 26th, 31st, 38th, 60th, & 61st Georgia Regiments and the 12th Georgia Light Artillery Battalion. It fought in many conflicts from the Seven Days' Battles to Cold Harbor, then moved with Early to the Shenandoah Valley and was active around Appomattox. The unit lost 54 killed and 118 wounded at Gaines' Mill and sixty-two percent of the 123 engaged at Sharpsburg. In the fight at Fredericksburg there were 10 killed and 91 wounded, and of the 341 at Gettysburg, more than thirty-five percent were disabled. It surrendered with 112, of which 73 were armed.
The South Carolina 19th Infantry Regiment was organized during the winter of 1861-1862. It, along with the 18th was created as the last of the units formed in 1861 and did not participate in the early deployment. The 19th was involved the reorganization of the troops in the spring of 1862. They then moved to Mississippi, then to Kentucky where it saw action at Munfordsville. The 19th served with the Army of Tennessee from Murfreesboro to Atlanta, fought with Hood in Tennessee, and was active in the South Carolina Campaign and the North Carolina operations. The regiment lost 8 killed and 72 wounded at Murfreesboro, and the 10th/19th sustained 236 casualties at Chickamauga and totaled 436 men and 293 arms in December, 1863. During the Atlanta Campaign, July 22-28, the 19th reported 12 killed, 60 wounded, and 25 missing, and there were 9 killed, 34 wounded, and 8 missing at Ezra Church. It surrendered on April 26, 1865, with 76 men.
The Tennessee 47th Infantry Regiment was organized December 16, 1861; reorganized May 8, 1862; consolidated with the 12th Infantry Regiment October, 1862; formed part of Company "D", 2nd Consolidated Tennessee Infantry Regiment. The regiment fought throughout the war from Shiloh to Bentonville with the Army of Tennessee. It was paroled at Greensboro, North Carolina May 2, 1865. Companies of the Tennessee 47th Infantry Regiment -Company A enlisted at Troy, Obion County, James White was elected captain. -Company B enlisted at Donaldson's, near Gibson Wells, Gibson County. It consisted of men from Dyer and Gibson County and had William Gay as its captain -Company C enlisted at Dyersburg, Dyer County, Vincent G. Wynne was captain.( later lieutenant colonel) -Company D also enlisted at Dyersburg with William M. Watkins captain (later colonel) Company E enlisted at Dyersburg with George Miller as captain. -Company F enlisted at Humboldt, Gibson County, Jesse Booth was elected captain. -Company G enlisted at Trenton with Thomas Carthel, captain. -Company H enlisted in Kenton, on the Obion, Gibson County line. B. E. Holmes was captain. -Company I was from Troy, W.S. Moore was captain. -Company K enlisted at Yorkville, Gibson County and Green Holmes was captain.
The Georgia 6th Cavalry Battalion State Guards was formed in August 1863 to serve for six months as local defense in the northwest section of the state. The battalion was comprised of horse soldiers from Chattooga and Walker counties. The only verified engagement with the enemy is noted on January 22, 1864, at the "Battle of Subligna" in Chattooga County. As Sherman threatened in the spring of 1864, most of these men probably joined in with Wheeler's or Forrest's troops for the Atlanta and Carolinas campaign, but records are sparse.
The North Carolina 10th Artillery Battalion [also called 2nd Battalion Heavy Artillery] was organized during the spring of 1862 at Wilmington, North Carolina, with three companies, later increased to four. The unit served at Fort Caswell and Wilmington, then in December, 1864, was active in the defense of Savannah. Later it saw action in the North Carolina Campaign as infantry and surrendered with the Army of Tennessee. Major Wilton L. Young was in command. Companies Of The NC 10th Artillery Battalion Company A - ""Lewis' Battery"" - from Davidson County Company B - ""Black River Tigers"" - from Harnett County Company C - ""Monroe Heavy Artillery"" - organized and mustered in at Salisbury, Rowan County Company D - ""Wheeler Battery"" - mustered in at Wilmington, New Hanover County
The Mississippi 39th Infantry Regiment was organized at Jackson, Mississippi, during the late spring of 1862. About twenty-five percent of this unit was sick in June, and there were 29 officers and 541 men present for duty in July. Company I took part in the fight at Baton Rouge, then, assigned to General Beall's command, the regiment was captured at Port Hudson in July, 1863. After the exchange in December it totalled 220 effectives. Attached to Ross' and Sears' Brigade it was involved in the Atlanta Campaign, Hood's Tennessee operations, and the defense of Mobile. The regiment reported 7 casualties at New Hope Church, 30 at Kennesaw Mountain, 5 at the Chattahoochee River, and 48 in the Battle of Atlanta. Few surrendered with the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana.
In the summer of 1862, two great armies met outside of Richmond in a series of battles that would determine the course of the Civil War. The Union had time, men and materiel on its side, while the Confederates had mobility, esprit de corps and aggressive leadership. Untried General Robert E. Lee was tasked with driving the Yankees from their almost impregnable positions to save Richmond and end the war. Lee planned to isolate part of the Union Army, crush it, and then destroy the only supply base the remaining Federals had. To do so, he had to move thousands of troops hundreds of miles, bringing multiple forces together with intricate timing, all without the Yankees or their spies finding out. The largest and most important of these battles occurred at Gaines' Mill.