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William M. Denevan writes that, "The discovery of America was followed by possibly the greatest demographic disaster in the history of the world." Research by some scholars provides population estimates of the pre-contact Americas to be as high as 112 million in 1492, while others estimate the population to have been as low as eight million. In any case, the native population declined to less than six million by 1650. In this collection of essays, historians, anthropologists, and geographers discuss the discrepancies in the population estimates and the evidence for the post-European decline. Woodrow Borah, Angel Rosenblat, William T. Sanders, and others touch on such topics as the Indian slave trade, diseases, military action, and the disruption of the social systems of the native peoples. Offering varying points of view, the contributors critically analyze major hemispheric and regional data and estimates for pre- and post-European contact. This revised edition features a new introduction by Denevan reviewing recent literature and providing a new hemispheric estimate of 54 million, a foreword by W. George Lovell of Queen's University, and a comprehensive updating of the already extensive bibliography. Research in this subject is accelerating, with contributions from many disciplines. The discussions and essays presented here can serve both as an overview of past estimates, conflicts, and methods and as indicators of new approaches and perspectives to this timely subject.
A climate defined by wet and dry seasons, a mostly mountainous terrain, a biota prone to disturbances, a human geography characterized by a diversity of peoples all of whom rely on burning in one form or another: Mexico has ideal circumstances for fire, and those fires provide a unique perspective on its complex history. Narrating Mexico’s evolution of fire through five eras, historian Stephen J. Pyne describes the pre-human, pre-Hispanic, colonial, industrializing (1880–1980), and contemporary (1980–2015) fire biography of this diverse and dynamic country. Creatively deploying the Aztec New Fire Ceremony and the “five suns” that it birthed, Pyne addresses the question, “Why does fire appear in Mexico the way it does?” Five Suns tells the saga through a pyric prism. Mexico has become one of the top ten “firepowers” in the world today through its fire suppression capabilities, fire research, and industrial combustion, but also by those continuing customary practices that have become increasingly significant to a world that suffers too much combustion and too little fire. Five Suns completes a North American fire-history trilogy written by Pyne over the past 40 years, complementing his histories of Canada and the United States.
This fascinating history explores the dynamic relationship between overseas colonisation and the bodily experience of eating. It reveals the importance of food to the colonial project in Spanish America and reconceptualises the role of European colonial expansion in shaping the emergence of ideas of race during the Age of Discovery. Rebecca Earle shows that anxieties about food were fundamental to Spanish understandings of the new environment they inhabited and their interactions with the native populations of the New World. Settlers wondered whether Europeans could eat New World food, whether Indians could eat European food and what would happen to each if they did. By taking seriously their ideas about food we gain a richer understanding of how settlers understood the physical experience of colonialism and of how they thought about one of the central features of the colonial project. The result is simultaneously a history of food, colonialism and race.
The author shows how not only the 'imported' diseases but also a series of economic and social factors played a role in the disastrous decline on the native populations in the Americas.
Adding to the momentum of Lascasian Studies, this interdisciplinary effort of seventeen scholars offers sophisticated explorations of colonial Latin American and early modern Iberian studies.
Bienvenido al profundo mundo de "Historia de las Indias (vol. 5 de 5)" de Bartolomé de las Casas, una obra monumental que ilumina la historia y el legado de las Américas durante la era colonial. Explora las páginas de este volumen que capturan los eventos cruciales y las figuras históricas que moldearon el destino de las Indias. De las Casas, con su perspicacia y testimonio directo, ofrece una narrativa que revela tanto los momentos de gloria como las tragedias de un período fundamental en la historia mundial. Con una prosa que combina erudición y pasión, Historia de las Indias (vol. 5 de 5) presenta un análisis crítico de las interacciones entre europeos y pueblos indígenas, destacando las complejidades morales y sociales de la colonización. Este volumen concluye una obra monumental que redefine nuestra comprensión del encuentro entre dos mundos. Desde su publicación, la obra ha sido reconocida por su valor histórico y su influencia en la percepción moderna de la colonización. Historia de las Indias (vol. 5 de 5) no solo documenta eventos, sino que también invita a la reflexión sobre la justicia, los derechos humanos y la búsqueda de un entendimiento más profundo entre culturas. Descubre por qué esta obra sigue siendo relevante hoy en día. Sumérgete en su narrativa absorbente y en su análisis crítico de los acontecimientos que definieron el curso de la historia en las Américas. No te pierdas la oportunidad de explorar este volumen final que completa una obra fundamental de Bartolomé de las Casas.