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This book examines the acceleration and storage of polarized proton beams in cyclic accelerators. Basic equations of spin motion are reviewed, the invariant spin field is introduced, and an adiabatic invariant of spin motion is derived. The text presents numerical methods for computing the invariant spin field, and displays the results in numerous illustrations. This book offers a more lucid view of spin dynamics at high energy than has hitherto been available.
This book examines the acceleration and storage of polarized proton beams in cyclic accelerators. Basic equations of spin motion are reviewed, the invariant spin field is introduced, and an adiabatic invariant of spin motion is derived. The text presents numerical methods for computing the invariant spin field, and displays the results in numerous illustrations. This book offers a more lucid view of spin dynamics at high energy than has hitherto been available.
This book examines the acceleration and storage of polarized proton beams in cyclic accelerators. Basic equations of spin motion are reviewed, the invariant spin field is introduced, and an adiabatic invariant of spin motion is derived. The text presents numerical methods for computing the invariant spin field, and displays the results in numerous illustrations. This book offers a more lucid view of spin dynamics at high energy than has hitherto been available.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL has been colliding polarized proton at a beam energy of 100 billion electron volts (GeV) since 2001. In addition to reporting upon the progress of RHIC polarized-proton program, this talk will focus upon the mechanisms that cause the beam to depolarize and the strategies developed to overcome this. As the world first polarized-proton collider, RHIC is designed to collide polarized protons up to an energy of 250 GeV, thereby providing an unique opportunity to measure the contribution made by the gluon to a proton's spin and to study the spin structure of proton. Unlike other high-energy proton colliders, however, the challenge for RHIC is to overcome the mechanisms that cause partial or total loss of beam polarization, which is due to the interaction of the spin vector with the magnetic fields. In RHIC, two Siberian snakes have been used to avoid these spin depolarizing resonances, which are driven by vertical closed-orbit distortion and vertical betatron oscillations. As a result, polarized-proton beams have been accelerated to 100 GeV without polarization loss, although depolarization has been observed during acceleration from 100 GeV to 205 GeV.
Experiments with polarized beams at RHIC will provide fundamental tests of QCD, and the electro-weak interaction reveal the spin structure of the proton. Polarization asymmetries and parity violation are the strong signatures for identification of the fundamental processes, which are otherwise inaccessible. Such experiments require the maximum available luminosity and therefore polarization must be obtained as an extra beam quality without sacrificing intensity. There are proposals to polarize the high-energy proton beam in the storage rings by the Stern-Gerlach effect or spin-filter techniques. But so far, the only practically available option is acceleration of the polarized beam produced in the source and taking care of polarization survival during acceleration and storage. Two major innovations -- the "Siberian Snake" technique for polarization preservation during acceleration and high current polarized proton sources make spin physics with the high-energy polarized beams feasible. The RHIC is the first high-energy collider, where the "Siberian Snake" technique allowed of polarized proton beam acceleration up-to 250 GeV energy. The RHIC unique Optically Pumped Polarized Ion Source produces sufficient polarized beam intensity for complete saturation of the RHIC acceptance. This polarization technique is based on spin-transfer collisions between a proton or atomic hydrogen beam of a few keV beam energy and optically pumped alkali metal vapors. From the first proposal and feasibility studies to the operational source this development can be considered as example of successful unification of individual scientists ingenuity, international collaboration and modern technology application for creation of a new polarization technique, which allowed of two-to-three order of magnitude polarized beam intensity increase sufficient for loading the RHIC to its full capacity for polarization studies.