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Capitalism is historically pervasive. Despite attempts through the centuries to suppress or control the private ownership of commercial assets, production and trade for profit has survived and, ultimately, flourished. Against this backdrop, accounting provides a fundamental insight: the ‘value’ of physical and intangible capital assets that are used in production is identically equal to the sum of the debt liabilities and equity capital that are used to finance those assets. In modern times, this appears as the balance sheet relationship. In determining the ‘value’ of items on the balance sheet, equity capital appears as a residual calculated as the difference between the ‘value’ of assets and liabilities. Through the centuries, the organization of capitalist activities has changed considerably, dramatically impacting the methods used to value, trade and organize equity capital. To reflect these changes, this book is divided into four parts that roughly correspond to major historical changes in equity capital organization. The first part of this book examines the rudimentary commercial ventures that characterized trading for profit from ancient times until the contributions of the medieval scholastics that affirmed the moral value of equity capital. The second part deals with the evolution of equity capital organization used in seaborne trade of the medieval and Renaissance Italian city states and in the early colonization ventures of western European powers and ends with the emergence in the market for tradeable equity capital shares during the 17th century. The third part begins with the 1719-1720 Mississippi scheme and South Sea bubbles in northern Europe and continues to cover the transition from joint stock companies to limited liability corporations with autonomous shares in England, America and France during the 19th century. This part ends with a fundamental transition in the social conception of equity capital from a concern with equity capital organization to the problem of determining value. The final part is concerned with the evolving valuation and management of equity capital from the 1920s to the present. This period includes the improvement corporate accounting for publicly traded shares engendered by the Great Depression that has facilitated the use of ‘value investing’ techniques and the conflicting emergence of portfolio management methods of modern Finance. Equity Capital is aimed at providing material relevant for academic presentations of equity valuation history and methods, and is targeted at researchers, academics, students and professionals alike.
A selected bibliography and an index complete this visually splendid and scholarly presentation."--BOOK JACKET.
In this pathbreaking work, Dagmar Herzog situates the birth of German liberalism in the religious confl icts of the nineteenth century. During the years leading up to the revolutions of 1848, liberal and conservative Germans engaged in a contest over the terms of the Enlightenment legacy and the meaning of Christianity-a contest that grew most intense in the Grand Duchy of Baden, where liberalism fi rst became an infl uential political movement. Bringing insights drawn from Jewish and women's studies into German history, Herzog demonstrates how profoundly Christianity's problematic relationships to Judaism and to sexuality shaped liberal, conservative, and radical thought in the pre-revolutionary years.In particular, she reveals how often confl icts over the private sphere and the"politics of the personal" determined larger political matters.
A collection of essays interrogates the nature of Jewish identity in the time between two world wars. The history of Jews in interwar Germany and Austria is often viewed either as the culmination of tremendous success in the economic and cultural realms and of individual assimilation and acculturation, or as the beginning of the road that led to Auschwitz. By contrast, this volume demonstrates a re-emerging sense of community within the German-speaking Jewish population of these two countries in the two decades after World War I. The fresh research presented here shows that while Jews may have experienced a deepening sense of impending crisis and economic decline, a renewal of Jewish communal life took place during these years, as new groupings sprang up, including organizations for youth, for rural Jews, and for political groups such as Zionists and Bundists. Several chapters consider the impact of economic and political crises on German-Jewish family life. Together, these essays form a complex mosaic of German Jewry on the eve of its demise. “An excellent collection . . . well written and cogently argued.” —David N. Myers
From the mid-fifteenth century to the early seventeenth, German Jews were persecuted and tried for the alleged ritual murders of Christian children, whose blood purportedly played a crucial part in Jewish magical rites. In this engrossing book R. Po-Chia Hsia traces the rise and decline of ritual murder trials during that period. Using sources ranging from Christian and Kabbalistic treatises to judicial records and popular pamphlets, Hsia examines the religious sources of the idea of child sacrifice and blood symbolism and reconstructs the political context of ritual murder trials against the Jews. "This volume combines clarity of thinking, elegance of style, and exemplary scholarly attention to detail with intellectual sobriety and human compassion."--Jerome Friedman, Sixteenth Century Journal "Hsia has... succeeded in turning established knowledge to illuminatingly new purposes."--G.R. Elton, New York Review of Books "This meticulously researched and unusually perceptive book is social and intellectual history at its best."--Library Journal "A fresh perspective on an old problem by a major new talent."--Steven Ozment, Harvard University R. Po-chia Hsia, professor of history at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, is also the author of Society and Religion in Münster, 1535-1618
A German author of fantasy and Gothic horror, E. T. A. Hoffmann wrote original and spine-chilling tales that highly influenced nineteenth-century literature, confirming his status as one of the major authors of the Romantic movement. His story ‘Das Fräulein von Scuder’ is often cited as the first detective story and his novella ‘The Nutcracker and the Mouse King’ went on to inspire Tchaikovsky's celebrated ballet. Hoffmann was a pioneer of the fantasy genre, with a taste for the macabre combined with realism that influenced such authors as Poe, Gogol, Dickens, Baudelaire, Dostoevsky and Kafka. This eBook presents Hoffmann’s collected works, with numerous illustrations, rare texts appearing in digital print for the first time, informative introductions and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1) * Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Hoffmann’s life and works * Concise introductions to the novels and other texts * 3 novels, with individual contents tables * Features a recent translation by Michael Haldane of the rare novel ‘Little Zaches’, appearing here for the first time in digital publishing * Images of how the books were first published, giving your eReader a taste of the original texts * Excellent formatting of the texts * Rare Gothic tales available in no other collection * Special chronological and alphabetical contents tables for the short stories * Easily locate the tales you want to read * Features three biographies – discover Hoffmann’s literary life * Ordering of texts into chronological order and genres Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titles CONTENTS: The Novels The Devil’s Elixirs (1815) Little Zaches (1819) Master Flea (1822) The Tales The Serapion Brethren (1819) Weird Tales (1885) Miscellaneous Tales The Short Stories List of Short Stories in Chronological Order List of Short Stories in Alphabetical Order The Biographies Introduction to Hoffmann (1885) by J. T. Bealby E. T. W. Hoffmann (1896) by Thomas Carlyle E. T. A. Hoffmann (1911) by John George Robertson Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titles or to purchase this eBook as a Parts Edition of individual eBooks