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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1913 edition. Excerpt: ... ANIMAL OILS. Animal oils, such as lard oil, of specific gravity 0.913 to 0.919, like the vegetable oils, can be used successfully, but are high priced and only in an emergency are they to be considered as a fuel. ALCOHOLS. A mixture of 80 per cent alcohol and 20 per cent benzene (268) has been burned successfully in the heavy-oil engine. However, it has been found advisible to warm the engine by first starting it on a more volatile petroleum product, as benzine. WOOD OILS. Wood oils or creosote distillates of specific gravity 0.841 to 0.877 (269) have also been used to a limited extent with success. In short, the following oils and mixtures of them have been used successfully in heavy-oil engines, provided they were mobile, free from free carbon, grit, and water, and were low in sulphur: Petroleum products: Gasoline; lamp oils of all kinds; naphthas; gas oils; fuel-oil distillates; "masut" or residues from the crude oils of Russia; and crudes, if mobile. "Steinkohle" oil products: Heavy oils; anthracene oils; and tar oils. Bituminous oils: Retort oils of all kinds. Lignite products: Benzene; solar oils; paraffin distillates; and creosote oils. Turf oils: Creosote oils. Shale oils. Vegetable oils: Peanut oil; coconut oil; castor-bean oil; cottonseed oil; and palm-seed oil. Animal oils. Alcohols. Wood oils: Creosotes. TREATMENT OF HEAVY OILS TO MAKE THEM MOST SUITABLE FOR FUEL. It has been stated in the previous pages that any fuel that will flow freely can be burned in a heavy-oil engine. Though this in a measure is true, heavy tarry oils, if not kept perfectly fluid by heating, will cool and tend to clog the pipes and valves. It is advisable, therefore, to first subject the tarry oils to a distillation (270), distilling over everything...
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Excerpt from Heavy Oil as Fuel for Internal-Combustion Engines This gas oil, as its name implies, can be cracked in hot retorts and an excellent illuminating gas made therefrom (3 or it may be burned with good results as a fuel under steam boilers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This book presents the papers from the Internal Combustion Engines: Performance, fuel economy and emissions held in London, UK. This popular international conference from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers provides a forum for IC engine experts looking closely at developments for personal transport applications, though many of the drivers of change apply to light and heavy duty, on and off highway, transport and other sectors. These are exciting times to be working in the IC engine field. With the move towards downsizing, advances in FIE and alternative fuels, new engine architectures and the introduction of Euro 6 in 2014, there are plenty of challenges. The aim remains to reduce both CO2 emissions and the dependence on oil-derivate fossil fuels whilst meeting the future, more stringent constraints on gaseous and particulate material emissions as set by EU, North American and Japanese regulations. How will technology developments enhance performance and shape the next generation of designs? The book introduces compression and internal combustion engines' applications, followed by chapters on the challenges faced by alternative fuels and fuel delivery. The remaining chapters explore current improvements in combustion, pollution prevention strategies and data comparisons. - Presents the latest requirements and challenges for personal transport applications - Gives an insight into the technical advances and research going on in the IC Engines field - Provides the latest developments in compression and spark ignition engines for light and heavy-duty applications, automotive and other markets
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, and of 10 nitroarenes found in diesel engine exhaust: 3,7-dinitrofluoranthene, 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene, and 3-nitrobenzanthrone. Diesel engines are used for transport on and off roads (e.g. passenger cars, buses, trucks, trains, ships), for machinery in various industrial sectors (e.g. mining, construction), and for electricity generators, particularly in developing countries. Gasoline engines are used in cars and hand-held equipment (e.g. chainsaws). The emissions from such combustion engines comprise a complex and varying mixture of gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides), particles (e.g. PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, organic carbon, ash, sulfate, and metals), volatile organic compunds (e.g. benzene, formaldehyde) and semi-volatile organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) including oxygenated and nitrated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel and gasoline engines thus make a significant contribution to a broad range of air pollutants to which people are exposed in the general population as well as in different occupational settings. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts (including those associated with the mining, railroad, construction, and transportation industries) and to 10 selected nitroarenes. -- Back cover.
This book covers alternative fuels and their utilization strategies in internal combustion engines. The main objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the production and utilization aspects of different types of liquid and gaseous alternative fuels. In the last few years, methanol and DME have gained significant attention of the energy sector, because of their capability to be utilized in different types of engines. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.
A continuous rise in the consumption of gasoline, diesel, and other petroleum-based fuels will eventually deplete reserves and deteriorate the environment, Alternative Transportation Fuels: Utilisation in Combustion Engines explores the feasibility of using alternative fuels that could pave the way for the sustained operation of the transport secto