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An analytical study of laminar flow heat transfer to pseudo -plastic fluids inside a tube subjected to a uniform wall heat flux is reported. Most pseudo plastic fluids are highly viscous and exhibit a strong temperature -dependence of the consistency index, K. Heat transfer is thus affected by heating rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of non -Newtonian behavior and K -variation on heat transfer coefficients. An explicit, stable numerical scheme, using the Dufort-Frankel finite -difference method, was devised to solve the set of governing partial differential equations. In the constant -property solutions, some increase in heat transfer coefficient above the Newtonian prediction is noticed. This increase is accounted for by employing a non -Newtonian correction, 01/3, for both entrance and fully developed regions. The variable property predictions were obtained for n = 0.75and 0.5, and, for completeness, predictions were also obtained for the Newtonian case, n = 1.0. A new consistency parameter, yAT, was developed to account for the effect of temperature -dependent K on heat transfer coefficient. In the thermal entrance region, for a given n, the increase in heat transfer coefficient above the constant property prediction is a log -linear function of (K/KNJ). However, in the fully developed region, this increase is a complex function of n and yAT. A two-step consistency correction was developed, one for the thermal entrance region and the other for the fully developed region. The analytical predictions, as correlated using non -Newtonian and variable consistency corrections, are in excellent agreement with experimental data of Mahalingam taken in the thermal entrance region.
Non-Newtonian fluid behaviour; Rheometry for non-Newtonian fluids; Flow in pipes and conduits of non-circular cross-sections; Flow of multi-phase mixtures in pipes; Particulate systems; Heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids in pipes; Momentum, heat and mass transfer in boundary layers; Liquid mixing.
This book has been written with the idea of providing the fundamentals for those who are interested in the field of heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids. It is well recognized that non-Newtonian fluids are encountered in a number of transport processes and estimation of the heat transfer characteristics in the presence of these fluids requires analysis of equations that are far more complex than those encountered for Newtonian fluids. A deliberate effort has been made to demonstrate the methods of simplification of the complex equations and to put forth analytical expressions for the various heat transfer situations in as vivid a manner as possible. The book covers a broad range of topics from forced, natural and mixed convection without and with porous media. Laminar as well as turbulent flow heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids have been treated and the criterion for transition from laminar to turbulent flow for natural convection has been established. The heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids from inelastic power-law fluids to viscoelastic second-order fluids and mildly elastic drag reducing fluids are covered. This book can serve the needs of undergraduates, graduates and industry personnel from the fields of chemical engineering, material science and engineering, mechanical engineering and polymer engineering.
Non-Newtonian materials are encountered in virtually all of the chemical and process industries and a full understanding of their nature and flow characteristics is an essential requirement for engineers and scientists involved in their formulation and handling. This book will bridge the gap between much of the highly theoretical and mathematically complex work of the rheologist and the practical needs of those who have to design and operate plants in which these materials are handled and processed. At the same time, numerous references are included for the benefit of those who need to delve more deeply into the subject.The starting point for any work on non-newtonian fluids is their characterisation over the range of conditions to which they are likely to be subjected during manufacture or utilisation, and this topic is treated early on in the book in a chapter commissioned from an expert in the field of rheological measurements. Coverage of topics is extensive and this book offers a unique and rich selection of material including the flow of single phase and multiphase mixtures in pipes, in packed and fluidised bed systems, heat and mass transfer in boundary layers and in simple duct flows, and mixing etc.An important and novel feature of the book is the inclusion of a wide selection of worked examples to illustrate the methods of calculation. It also incorporates a large selection of problems for the reader to tackle himself.