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Research on health involves evaluating the disparities that are systematically associated with the experience of risk, including genetic and physiological variation, environmental exposure to poor nutrition and disease, and social marginalization. This volume provides a unique perspective - a comparative approach to the analysis of health disparities and human adaptability - and specifically focuses on the pathways that lead to unequal health outcomes. From an explicitly anthropological perspective situated in the practice and theory of biosocial studies, this book combines theoretical rigor with more applied and practice-oriented approaches and critically examines infectious and chronic diseases, reproduction, and nutrition.
A pioneering physician reveals how childhood stress leads to lifelong health problems, and what we can do to break the cycle.
An examination of the link between Adverse Childhood Events (ACE's) and adult illnesses.
This book provides an interdisciplinary lens from which to view the multiple types of effects of enduring childhood experiences, and to recommend evidence-based approaches for protecting and buffering children and repairing the negative consequences of ACEs as adults.
This book offers the most current research and reviews, innovative programs and approaches, developments and directions, and future outlooks and trends from an international perspective by experts in the field on a variety of current topics related to youth facing adversity with implications for creating and maintaining child and adolescent resilience in a constantly changing world. In these chapters are themes and information that embody the stories of the lives of youth today. Topics include the following: parenting, coping, and motivation of Australian at-risk adolescents; religious rejection and resilience among Christian sexual minority youth; the influences from parents, police, and social work on at-risk youth in Hong Kong; resilience among Native American youth; the experience of Australian children who have been diagnosed and treated for pediatric hematology; the effect in adulthood with Serbian youth who grew up in political and economic turmoil; approaches for overcoming adversity among Arab American youth; EcoWellness as a way to connect with at-risk youth using nature as a basis for overcoming adversity; adolescents and gaming; poly-victimization and resilience among Spanish youth; a Liberation psychology approach to working with borderland Mexican children impacted by violence on the U.S.-Mexico border; substance use and resilience among adolescents; use of the Home Interaction Programme for Parents and Youngsters (HIPPY) as way for enhancing parenting practices to mitigate socioeconomic disadvantages faced by at-risk youth in New Zealand; use of rite of passage programs, specifically, the Louis Armstrong Manhood Development Program (LAMDP), as a way to address the overrepresentation of African American boys in special education; psychosocial factors involved in adolescent self-injury; and nurturing hope and resilience among at-risk middle school youth using a group rap therapy program called Wrapped in Resilience. All chapters provide a better understanding of various areas in which youth face adversity, and offer implications for ways of helping youth develop resilience and positive coping skills. Building upon the knowledge, awareness, and skills that are explored in this text, helping professionals, researchers, and educators who work with youth begin to better understand and more effectively intervene with the lived experience of youth who face adversity in many different forms today, and who survive these experiences in a way that makes them stronger and more resilient
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Anthropology has long shied away from examining how human beings may lead happy and fulfilling lives. This book, however, shows that the ethnographic examination of well-being--defined as "the optimal state for an individual, a community, and a society"--and the comparison of well-being within and across societies is a new and important area for anthropological inquiry. Distinctly different in different places, but also reflecting our common humanity, well-being is intimately linked to the idea of happiness and its pursuits. Noted anthropological researchers have come together in this volume to examine well-being in a range of diverse ways and to investigate it in a range of settings: from the Peruvian Amazon, the Australian outback, and the Canadian north, to India, China, Indonesia, Japan, and the United States. Gordon Mathews is a Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has written What Makes Life Worth Living? How Japanese and Americans Make Sense of Their Worlds (1996) and Global Culture /Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket (2000), and co-written Hong Kong, China: Learning to Belong to a Nation (2007); he has co-edited Consuming Hong Kong (2001) and Japan's Changing Generations (2004). Carolina Izquierdo is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for the Everyday Lives of Families (CELF) at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research has centered on health and well-being among the Matsigenka in the Peruvian Amazon, the Mapuche in Chile, and middle-class families in the United States.
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In her revealing autobiography, Dr. Tolbert describes how she overcame the obstacles that threatened to derail her aspirations for a sound education and professional career. From humble beginningssurrounded by dirt roads and segregated schools, left orphaned and penniless at an early ageshe chose a path of hard work and diligent study that lifted her out of poverty, despair, and ignorance. In an era of tense race relations, and despite numerous stumbling blocks, Dr. Tolbert rose to prominence as an African-American scientist, educator, and administratoroften in positions traditionally held by males. She eventually became: The first African-American female to serve as director of the nations New Brunswick Laboratory. The first African-American female appointed director of education at Argonne National Laboratory. The first female to serve as director of the Carver Research Foundation of Tuskegee Institute. One of six African-American senior executives at the National Science Foundation. The second African-American to graduate from Brown University with a doctorate in biochemistry. The first member of the Mayo family of Suffolk, Virginia, to earn a doctoral degree. Her journey, however, was no crystal stair. In publishing her tale, Dr. Tolbert affirms our human ability to survive the unexpected, rally against adversity, and charge ahead on a path to personal accomplishment. She is a strong role model with an inspirational message for others struggling against overwhelming odds.
This guide provides healthcare students and professionals with a foundational background on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) – traumatic early life experiences, which can have a profound impact on health in later life. ACEs can include being a victim of abuse, neglect or exposure to risk in the home or community. How healthcare students and professionals learn to recognize, react and respond to persons affected by trauma will lay the foundation for their relationships with patients. This book intentionally uses micro-to-macro lenses accompanied by a structural competency framework to elucidate health implications across the lifespan. It explores the nature of adversity and its effects on the physical, emotional, cognitive and social health of individuals, communities and society. The book, written by two experienced psychiatric nurses, will equip healthcare students and professionals with an understanding for critical change in practice and offer action steps designed to assist them with prevention and intervention approaches and steps to help build resilience. This book will be core reading for healthcare students within mental health, pediatric and primary care nursing courses. It will also be of interest to students and professionals in the social work, psychology and public health fields who are exploring resilience and trauma-informed practices