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This book is written mainly for attorneys, physicians, and investigators who are concerned with accidents associated with electric current. It is based on approximately 50 years of personal research, augmented by experience in teaching medical and biomedical engineering students and as an expert witness in litigation involving electrical injury. The material is presented in two ways: non-technically, for attorneys and physicians, and technically, for their expert witnesses and engineers. Since there is no typical electrical accident, the accidents described and the material presented in the chapters are selected to aid the reader in explaining the cause of any particular electrical accident. The first chapter presents a short history of electrical accidents, along with selected accident descriptions in the home, work place, and hospital. Chapter 2 deals with the fundamental processes whereby electric current stimulates excitable tissue, such as sensory receptors, nerves, and muscles. The response to the passage of low-frequency alternating current through the body-e.g., muscle stimulation, ventricular fibrillation, and burns-is covered in Chapter 3. Lightning and lightning injuries are discussed in Chapter 4. The effects of high-frequency (electrosurgical and diathermy) currents-and the types of injury encountered-are discussed in Chapter 5. Because current preferentially seeks tissues with the lowest resistivity, Chapter 6 provides knowledge of the resistivity values for tissues, organs, and body fluids, allowing estimation of the current path. The same chapter presents information on the resistance of body segments and of a contacting conductor, showing the nonlinear nature of such contacts where tissues are boiled, charred, and burned.
This book is written mainly for attorneys, physicians, and investigators who are concerned with accidents associated with electric current. It is based on approximately 50 years of personal research, augmented by experience in teaching medical and biomedical engineering students and as an expert witness in litigation involving electrical injury. The material is presented in two ways: non-technically, for attorneys and physicians, and technically, for their expert witnesses and engineers. Since there is no typical electrical accident, the accidents described and the material presented in the chapters are selected to aid the reader in explaining the cause of any particular electrical accident.
This is an accident-avoiding prescription for electricians, safety managers, and inspectors, and engineers dealing with electricity any voltage level. Presenting crucial protective safety strategies for industrial and commercial systems, the Handbook references all major safety codes (OSHA, NEC, NESC, and NFPA) where appropriate, creating a unique, one-stop compliance manual for any company’s electrical safety training and reference needs.
UP-TO-DATE, ON-THE-JOB ELECTRICAL SAFETY ESSENTIALS Covering every major electrical standard, including NEC, NESC, NFPA, 70E, IEEE 1584, and OSHA, Electrical Safety Handbook, Fourth Edition is a practical, illustrated source of life-saving information designed for specific work environments. This must-have guide provides the most current safety strategies for use in industrial, commercial, and home-office electrical systems in an easy-to-use format. Written by experts in electrical operations, maintenance, engineering, construction, and safety, this fully revised edition delivers complete details on: Hazards of electricity Basic physics of electrical hazards Electrical safety equipment Safety procedures and methods Grounding and bonding of electrical systems and equipment Electrical maintenance and its relationship to safety Regulatory and legal safety requirements and standards Accident prevention, accident investigation, rescue, and first aid Low-voltage safety Medium- and high-voltage safety Human factors in electrical safety Safety management and organizational structure Safety training methods and systems
Safety Professionals know that the best solution to preventing accidents in the workplace boils down to engineering out the hazards. If there isn't any hazard or exposure, there can't be any accident. If you accept the premise that the ultimate method for protecting workers on the job requires the removal or engineering-out of hazards in the workplace, this text is for you. The Handbook of Safety Engineering: Principles and Applications provides instruction in basic engineering principles, the sciences, cyber operations, math operations, mechanics, fire science (water hydraulics, etc.), electrical safety, and the technical and administrative aspects of the safety profession in an accessible and straightforward way. It serves students of safety and practitioners in the field_especially those studying for professional certification examinations_by placing more emphasis on engineering aspects and less on regulatory and administrative requirements. This practical handbook will serve as an important reference guide for students, professors, industrial hygienists, senior level undergraduate and graduate students in safety and industrial engineering, science and engineering professionals, safety researchers, engineering designers, human factor specialists, and all other safety practitioners.
On-the-job electrical safety essentials—thoroughly revised for the latest procedures and standardsThis fully updated electrical safety guide is a practical, illustrated source of life-saving information designed for specific work environments. The book has been fully revised and expanded to conform to every current major electrical standard, including NEC, NESC, NFPA70E, IEEE 1584, and OSHA. Written by experts in electrical operations, maintenance, engineering, construction, and safety, Electrical Safety Handbook, Fifth Edition provides the most up-to-date safety strategies in an easy-to-use format. The book delivers complete details on electrical hazards, safety equipment, management, training, regulatory and legal requirements, accident prevention, and much more. You will find new sections on electrical grounding, heat transfer theory as it relates to the human body, and the medical aspects of electrical trauma. •Contains comprehensive coverage of every subject on the exam•Includes updated electrical grounding concepts and applications•Written by a team of electrical safety experts
Electric power engineering education traditionally covers safety of the power equipment and systems. Little attention, if any, is given to the safety of people. When they reach professional status, most power engineers are not familiar with electric safety issues such as practices governing site works or grounding techniques of dwellings, hospitals, and factories. Designed for both electrical engineering student and practicing power engineers, Electric Safety: Practice and Standards provides the knowledge and analysis they need to be well versed in electric safety. Features: Includes techniques to assess safety practices at worksites and provides remedies to correct safety problems Addresses the elusive stray voltage problem and provides techniques to mitigate its impact in dwellings as well as in sensitive installations such as hospitals and dairy farms Provides approximate, yet accurate, analyses and techniques that can be used to assess electric safety without the need for extensive computation or elaborate programs Includes several case studies from real events and examples demonstrating how variations in electric safety procedure implementation influence safety levels Based on the authors’ years of experience as an expert witness and electric safety training instructor, the book covers the analysis of electric safety practices as well as the interpretations of various safety codes. Including homework problems and a solutions manual, this book is a comprehensive guide to recognize and eliminate hazards of electric shocks for professionals working on electric power equipment, as well as people such as the general public in commonly used places, farms workers and animals, and hospital patients.
How to prevent electrical hazards in the workplace is the focus of this guide. It spells out proper design, maintenance, and operating procedures for minimizing the risks of electrical fires, accidents, and injuries on the job. Coverage of the latest electrical standards helps you comply with the current National Electrical Code (NEC)?? and OSHA requirements. NEC requirements and procedures are provided for grounding an electrical distribution system, selecting proper conductors, sizing the feeder, and effective branch circuit overcurrent protection. Safety considerations are explored for single and three-phase systems, fuses, plugs, and ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). The guide also clarifies factors that influence soil resistivity, and it analyzes correction factors for special situations such as high ambient temperature environments. Human responses to electric shock are covered in detail. Among the important areas addressed are the approximate electrical impedance of the human body, thresholds of shock perception, let-go currents, asphyxia, ventricular fibrillation, and respiratory arrest. A bounty of solutions to help you solve electrical safety problems related to: * Hazardous locations -- Find out how to assess potential ignition sources, ventilation requirements, surface temperature conditions, and conduit and cable sealing requirements. * Current-carrying conductors in fire environments -- See how to evaluate insulation behavior, conductor melting temperatures, and the effects of nicks and broken strands, as well as how to make investigations at the scene of a fire. * Lightning protection -- Equip yourself to determine the probability of lightning strikes in specific locations, and mitigate the effects of a direct strike on buildings, equipment, and personnel. How to provide voltage surge protection is also discussed. * Static electricity -- Learn about the fundamentals of electrical charge induction and mechanisms for static charge ignition. Numerous case histories provide valuable insights into accident provention. In addition, the guide provides a review of electricity basics ranging from definitions of terms to the physics of the electric arc. It provides full-scope coverage of all electrical safety issues in the workplace. Electrical Hazards and Accidents: Their Cause and Prevention is an essential source for facility engineers, electrical engineers, plant engineers, plant managers, electricians, regulatory managers, and accident and insurance investigators.
This convenient handbook focuses on the needs of non-safety professionals who have an interest in, or partial responsibility, for safety--e.g., managers, engineers, and technologists. It provides twenty consistent, quick-reference chapters, each focusing on a major concern of occupational safety and health and how it affects productivity, quality, and competitiveness on the job. Up-to-date research is integrated throughout in a down-to- earth manner, and Application Scenarios highlight management scenarios based on actual events that occurred in real organizations. Accidents Cost. OSHA. Workers' Compensation. Ergonomic Hazards. Stress Hazards. Machine Hazards. Falling and Lifting Hazards with Eye, Head, and Foot Protection. Temperature and Pressure Hazards. Electrical and Fire Hazards. Toxic Substance Hazards. Confined Spaces. Radiation Hazards. Noise and Vibration Hazards. Automation and Technology Hazards. Bloodborne Pathogens. Environmental Safety/ISO 14000. Workplace Violence Prevention. Emergency Preparation. Accident Investigation and Reporting. Safety Training. For non-safety professionals--managers, engineers, and technologists--who have an interest in, or partial responsibility, for safety on the job.