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Guido Carli fu eletto due volte senatore (maggio 1983 e luglio 1987) nelle liste della Democrazia cristiana. Chiamato nel luglio 1989 ad assumere la carica di ministro del Tesoro nel quinto governo Andreotti, tenne quell'incarico fino al giugno 1992, partecipando al negoziato che nel gennaio 1992 portò alla firma del Trattato di Maastricht. Per la sua autorevolezza, acquisita lungo la sua carriera nei contesti internazionali, e per la sua lucidità negoziale riuscì a imporre nel testo del trattato quegli spiragli che consentirono poi all'Italia di entrare nell'euro, in particolare l'interpretazione non rigida ma flessibile del parametro del debito pubblico. Ottenne così nel negoziato sulla moneta unica quello che invece non riuscì a conseguire nell'arena interna per contenere la crescita del debito pubblico, Molti degli obiettivi che in seguito furono avviati a soluzione, dalle privatizzazioni alla politica dei redditi, alla riforma della previdenza, furono da lui messi a fuoco e fatti oggetto di discussione all'interno del governo. Ma di ogni sua proposta venne rinviata la decisione. Gli scritti di Carli contenuti in questo volume documentano questa sua determinata inclinazione e illustrano l'insieme di idee e di proposte che egli diede, per lo più inascoltato, al dibattito politico di allora, offrendo ancora oggi un contributo alla riflessione politica ed economica. Annotation Supplied by Informazioni Editoriali
This book is the first scholarly exploration of how Christian Democracy kept Cold War Europe’s eastern and western halves connected after the creation of the Iron Curtain in the late 1940s. Christian Democrats led the transnational effort to rebuild the continent’s western half after World War II, but this is only one small part of the story of how the Christian Democratic political family transformed Europe and defied the nascent Cold War’s bipolar division of the world. The first section uses case studies from the origins of European integration to reimagine Christian Democracy’s long-term significance for a united Europe. The second shifts the focus to East-Central Europeans, some exiled to Western Europe, some to the USA, others remaining in the Soviet Bloc as dissidents. The transnational activism they pursued helped to ensure that, Iron Curtain or no, the boundary between Europe’s west and east remained permeable, that the Cold War would not last and that Soviet attempts to divide the continent permanently would fail. The book’s final section features the testimony of three key protagonists. This book appeals to a wide range of audiences: undergraduate and graduate students, established scholars, policymakers (in Europe and the Americas) and potentially also general readerships interested in the Cold War or in the future of Europe.
Italian intellectuals played an important role in the shaping of international politics during the Cold War. The visions of the world that they promulgated, their influence on public opinion and their ability to shape collective speech, whether in agreement with or in opposition to those in power, have been underestimated and understudied. This volume marks one of the first serious attempts to assess how Italian intellectuals understood and influenced Italy’s place in the post–World War II world. The protagonists represent the three key post-war political cultures: Catholic, Marxist and Liberal Democratic. Together, these essays uncover the role of such intellectuals in institutional networks, their impact on the national and transnational circulation of ideas and the relationships they established with a variety of international associations and movements.
Tangled Transformations presents a historical analysis of the interplay between German unification and European integration from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Building on freshly released documents, the book’s sixteen chapters explore constellations in which the two processes accelerated and informed one another. The book highlights the role of Germany’s neighbours to the east, with chapters discussing the cotransformation between East and West as well as chapters dedicated to Poland, Romania, and Hungary. It sheds new light on the two interrelated processes by examining the role of Germany’s most important Western neighbours and partners: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. The book pays particular attention to the role of the European Commission as well as to monetary and industrial policy. It also moves beyond the economic sphere by discussing foreign and security policy issues, justice and home affairs, German debates about European integration at the time, and the significance of the German federal states. Ultimately, Tangled Transformations demonstrates the strong interlinkages between German unification and European integration.
Su Guido Carli si è già scritto molto, ma quasi esclusivamente sul lunghissimo arco di tempo in cui fu protagonista di primo piano della vita economica e politica italiana. Ben poco si sa sul periodo formativo, difficile e tormentato, nel corso del quale si dette solide fondamenta, ideali e tecniche, che gli tornarono poi utili per tutta la vita. Con questo primo volume della collana Scritti e discorsi di Guido Carli, attraverso la pubblicazione di alcuni testi poco noti e una introduzione in cui si ricorre a materiale di archivio finora non utilizzato, si può ricostruire la fase che va dal 1936 al 1944, durante la quale Guido Carli potè trarre vantaggio dal suo rapporto con l'economista Marco Fanno e con il padre (professore universitario, sindacalista, fascista non del tutto ortodosso). La giovanile esperienza di Carli è presentata attraverso la sua collaborazione con alcune riviste fasciste, poi nel suo lavoro all'IRI, nel deludente rapporto con l'Università , nel suo irrompere nella vita politica nelle file del Partito liberale italiano negli anni della ricostruzione. Il volume comprende anche alcuni scritti che permettono di seguire la maturazione di Guido Carli fino al momento della sua nomina a direttore generale della Banca d'Italia. Annotation Supplied by Informazioni Editoriali
In 1638, a small book of no more than 92 pages in octavo was published “appresso Gioanne Calleoni” under the title “Discourse on the State of the Jews and in particular those dwelling in the illustrious city of Venice.” It was dedicated to the Doge of Venice and his counsellors, who are labelled “lovers of Truth.” The author of the book was a certain Simone (Simḥa) Luzzatto, a native of Venice, where he lived and died, serving as rabbi for over fifty years during the course of the seventeenth century. Luzzatto’s political thesis is simple and, at the same time, temerarious, if not revolutionary: Venice can put an end to its political decline, he argues, by offering the Jews a monopoly on overseas commercial activity. This plan is highly recommendable because the Jews are “wellsuited for trade,” much more so than others (such as “foreigners,” for example). The rabbi opens his argument by recalling that trade and usury are the only occupations permitted to Jews. Within the confines of their historical situation, the Venetian Jews became particularly skilled at trade with partners from the Eastern Mediterranean countries. Luzzatto’s argument is that this talent could be put at the service of the Venetian government in order to maintain – or, more accurately, recover – its political importance as an intermediary between East and West. He was the first to define the role of the Jews on the basis of their economic and social functions, disregarding the classic categorisation of Judaism’s alleged privileged religious status in world history. Nonetheless, going beyond the socio-economic arguments of the book, it is essential to point out Luzzatto’s resort to sceptical strategies in order to plead in defence of the Venetian Jews. It is precisely his philosophical and political scepticism that makes Luzzatto’s texts so unique. This edition aims to grant access to his works and thought to English-speaking readers and scholars. By approaching his texts from this point of view, the editors hope to open a new path in research into Jewish culture and philosophy that will enable other scholars to develop new directions and new perspectives, stressing the interpenetration between Jews and the surrounding Christian and secular cultures.
In the year 999, when Ben Attar, a Moroccan Jewish merchant, takes a second wife, he commits an act whose unforeseen consequences will forever alter his family, his relationships, his business-his life. In an attempt to forestall conflict and advance his business interests at the same time, Ben Attar undertakes his annual journey to Europe with both his first wife and his new wife. The trip is the beginning of a profound human drama whose moral conflicts of fidelity and desire resonate with those of our time. Yehoshua renders the medieval world of Jewish and Christian culture and trade with astonishing depth and sensuous detail. Through the trials of a medieval merchant, the renowned author explores the deepest questions about the nature of morality, character, codes of human conduct, and matters of the heart.
It has been said that never has a monarch so narrowly missed "greatness" as did the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. An idealistic, sincere, and hardworking monarch whose ultilitarian bent, humanitarian instincts, and ambitious programs of reform in every area of public concern have prompted historians to term him an "enlightened despot," "revolutionary Emperor," "philosopher on a throne," and a ruler ahead of his time, Joseph has also been condemned for being insensitive to the phobias and follies of his subjects, essentially unrealistic, almost utopian, in establishing his goals, and dogmatic and overly precipitous in trying to achieve them. Efforts to analyze and explain the actions of this complex and controversial personality have involved a number of savants in investigations of "Josephinism" (or as I prefer to call it, "Josephism"), dealing in great detail with the motiva tions, substance, and influence of his innovations. The roots of Josephism run deep, but can be observed emerging here and there from the intellectual and political soil that nourished them, before joining the central trunk of the system formulated during the latter years of Maria Theresa's reign to grow to an ephemeral and stunted maturity under Joseph II.