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Irrigation has been and will continue to be an agricultural and rural investment priority. Development of the irrigation sector faces multiple challenges, including water scarcity and degradation, competition over shared resources, and the impact of climate change. Innovations are needed to address these challenges, as well as emerging needs, and to promote productive, equitable and sustainable water management. These guidelines, produced by an inter-agency team, highlight experiences and lessons learned from global irrigation investment operations. They introduce innovative approaches, tools and references, and provide practical guidance on how to incorporate or apply them at each stage of the investment project cycle. The guidelines will be a useful resource for national and international professionals involved in irrigation investment operations.
This annual report lists and describes the World Bank Group's portfolio of projects designed to improve or protect the environment, all of which were under implementation during fiscal year 1996 (July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996). The first part of the report discusses significant environmental issues for each sector and region and describes the environmental activities of various parts of the World Bank Group. Boxes, tables, and figures supplement the narrative. A useful bibliography of World Bank publications on environmental topics closes the section. The second part consists of reports on environmentally targeted projects; World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) projects that required a full environmental assessment because of their potential impacts; investment operations supporting projects launched by the Global Environment Facility; and projects designed to help developing countries comply with the Montreal Protocol--a multilateral treaty that controls the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substance.
This document is intended for aquaculture development specialists, aquaculture project managers and officials and specialists involved in the planning and management of aquaculture activities. it provides an introduction to rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal for people working in these fields. the principal components of these two approaches to information collection and planning are described together with the various tools used, with a case-study to illustrate their uses and some of the issues they raise. Possible applications of the approaches for those involved in aquaculture development are given and an outline is provided of the kinds of planning and institutional context where they can be best applied. The problems and shortcomings of the approaches are also discussed and guidelines are given for the use of alternative approaches to information gathering and planning.
Despite so many determined efforts, the fight against poverty and hunger, especially in rural areas, remains a huge challenge! Given the complexity of the problems and the enormity of the task, more innovative and effective approaches are urgently needed. The key actors are those who suffer most - the rural poor themselves. It is crucial to recognize that they have their own strategies to secure their livelihoods which vary from household to household depending on numerous factors such as their socio-economic status, education and local knowledge, ethnicity, and stage in the household life cycle. At the same time, the strategies of these different groups of people are heavily influenced by and respond to the broader socio-economic, cultural, political, religious and institutional context in which they live. In many cases, the strategies of different groups are complementary and mutually beneficial while in some cases they may uncover latent conflicting interests that call for negotiation and resolution.