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A Primer: Washington's Growth Management Act Washington State's Growth Management Act (GMA) has an impact, every day, on every citizen in Washington State. The Act affects our jobs, it attempts to affect where and how we live, most of the decisions made by, especially, local governments are predicated on provisions of the Act and, to a significant extent, our lives in community have changed over time because of the Act. This book is not intended to be an exhaustive digest containing an answer to every question about the Washington State Growth Management Act. Rather, it is intended to be a brief and informational introduction to what is often referred to as simply the "GMA" - in as brief a manner as such a large and all encompassing law allows for. At the heart of any successful attempt to manage the location of population growth in a region or county is the answer to the question: "Will new populations accept the lifestyle choices (form and character) offered by planners and decision makers seeking to influence where growth is captured in that region?" The question is especially important in a context where voters have a say. Few would disagree; a growth management effort is more likely to be effective in achieving planning goals aimed at enhancing community if residents are drawn to the places set aside for growth than if citizens must be driven to those places. In our opinion, Washington's GMA is overtly based on the carrot approach to growth management rather than use of the stick. Citizens are to have choices. Citizens are to be enticed into UGAs, but not forced into them. An adequate, 20 year land supply is viewed to be fundamental to providing that choice under GMA. The assumption is that new populations can be enticed to settle in the "right place" (i.e., within UGAs) if appropriate land supplies and access to urban infrastructure exist. When choice is seriously restricted, especially in terms of land supplies for favored housing types, new populations will refuse to locate in "acceptable" places and will seek out alternatives, as has happened in the past; an issue the legislature sought to address through passage of the GMA.
There are specific topics which, in microcosm, bring together many of the strands of a whole society. The pressures at work in responding to the problems involved in these topics both in implementing and retarding their resolution, provide a unique insight into the strains of our time. In many ways, the subject of growth controls is a prime exemplar of this species. Grouped under this rubric are all the environmental concerns which are increasingly prominent: the natural limits of land-holding capacity, the trade-offs between intensive land use, and the physical limitations of earth and space. But these elements, while far from being defined, are much more finite than the particulars at the other end of the spectrum that of the character and individual substance and way of life, which revolve around the level of intensity of land use. For example, as we near the end of the twentieth century, an increasing demand is heard for a return to the simpler, more bucolic environment. Just as the suburb replaced the city as the prime location so the suburb in turn finds it very difficult to compete against the lures of the countryside. The drive towards exurbia, and with is greater levels of decentralization, and with it greater levels of decentralization becomes a dominant theme, at least for the affluent. All these and many other elements are at work within the simple title of Growth Management.
In the blink of an eye, vast economic forces have created new types of communities and reinvented old ones. In The New Geography, acclaimed forecaster Joel Kotkin decodes the changes, and provides the first clear road map for where Americans will live and work in the decades to come, and why. He examines the new role of cities in America and takes us into the new American neighborhood. The New Geography is a brilliant and indispensable guidebook to a fundamentally new landscape.
This treatise offers a comprehensive discussion of zoning, subdivision control, and police power regulations governing land use law. New developments in zoning, such as, growth management, exclusionary zoning, free speech, and antitrust issues are covered in depth in the work.