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Groundwater is an essential natural resource for the economic and secure provision of drinking water supplies. Pollution hazard assessment is an essential part of environmental best practice for water supply utilities, both in terms of protecting groundwater quality from future pollution and mitigating threats posed by existing activities. This book looks at the need for groundwater protection strategies, and provides a technical guide to methodological approaches including: mapping aquifer pollution vulnerability; the delineation of groundwater supply protection areas; developing an inventory of subsurface contaminant load; and the assessment and control of groundwater pollution hazards. The guide is particularly relevant for the Latin American and Caribbean region where many cities are highly dependent upon groundwater resources.
Sustainable groundwater development requires knowledge of the appropriate recharge and transport-processes. This is a prerequisite to understanding: (i) groundwater resources and their availability, and (ii) the dependence between groundwater and the environment. Conceptual understanding of groundwater flow at both temporal and spatial scales (local and regional) is essential for management that will support engineering, industry, agriculture, ecology, and all environmentally related issues. This book has been prepared for scientists, researchers, students, engineers, water resources specialists, groundwater consultants, government administrators and teachers. It is of direct and applied interest to practitioners in hydrogeology and groundwater (resources, quality, pollution, protection and clean-up), geochemistry and hydrogeochemical modelling, and investigators into environmental hydrology, groundwater dependent ecosystems, and other practical environmental issues.
Planning for Groundwater Protection focuses on toxic substances contamination problems of groundwater in the United States and other industrially developed countries. This book discusses the potential health risks of toxic substances caused by contamination of groundwater. Organized into 14 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the method in which pollutants enter the groundwater system and the natural defense mechanisms operative in the subsurface. This text then proceeds with a discussion of the groundwater monitoring activities that are necessary for groundwater planning and protection, which includes protecting groundwater from pollution and protecting groundwater supplies from overdraft. Other chapters consider the laws and institutions that are established to protect groundwater from contamination, including the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) laws implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency. This book is a valuable resource for sanitarians, environmentalists, chemical engineers, and urban planners.
Reviews the applicability of groundwater protection practices developed within other jurisdictions to the Fraser River basin. Begins with background information on groundwater sources within the four regions of the basin and discussion of the common sources of groundwater contamination, including sources designed to discharge or store substances, transport or transmission sources, sources discharging substances as a consequence of other activities, and naturally occurring sources affected by human activity. Groundwater protection measures (non-regulatory and/or regulatory) are the reviewed, and the final chapter outlines the steps involved in the development of a municipal groundwater quality protection plan. Protection measures include monitoring, waste collection, land acquisition, sewage control, forest management, zoning, design and operation controls, and inspection/compliance measures. Appendices include a detailed evaluation of nine selected groundwater protection plans that have been implemented at a municipal level.