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Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
It may be called the most macabre joke of history: several hundred kilograms of enriched Uranium intended by Nazi Germany for Japanese atom bombs, instead it wound up as part of a US atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima on 6 August of 1945. There can be no doubt that the mysterious cargo coming by submarine from Nazi Germany was "weapons grade" metalized U 235 enriched Uranium, also called Uranium Oxide UO2 which was emitting very dangerous gamma rays. During World War II, Germany had the motive, the means and the opportunity to produce enriched U238. Germany had available thousands of tons of Uranium ore and access to the rich Uranium mines in Czechoslovakia. Their scientists invented the high-speed centrifugal enrichment process, the only efficient means to relocate isotopes and enrich uranium at that time. H.D. Baumann is a prolific writer. His Ph.D. degree in engineering has helped him analyze facts and find the truth in recent historical happenings. Being a survivor himself, the era around World War II is his specialty. He considers himself a "sleuth," looking for previously disregarded facts; a number of which, when combined like a mosaic, reveal a previously secret story; typically a history's first. He is the author of several books, including Building Lean Companies, The Vanished Life of Eva Braun, History's Secrets, and Hitler's Escape, which became the subject of a History Channel show also entitled Hitler's Escape.
This a paperback edition of Professor Walker's full-scale examination of the German efforts to harness the economic, military and political power of nuclear fission between 1939 and 1949. The book explains clearly, in terms that the non-specialist can understand, what was involved in the Germans' quest, and in what ways the German scientists succeeded or failed in the development of 'the bomb'.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.