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The Pfandbrief, a mostly triple-A rated German bank debenture, has become the blueprint of many covered bond models in Europe and beyond. The Pfandbrief is collateralized by long-term assets such as property mortgages or public sector loans as stipulated in the Pfandbrief Act. With a history that goes back to the 18th century and a high market share in today’s covered bond markets, the German Pfandbrief is the most established covered bond. Until today, no single Pfandbrief has ever defaulted. Even though Pfandbriefe have survived the financial crisis comparably unharmed, investors have become more sensitive regarding the creditworthiness of the corresponding issuer and sovereign, the strength of the legal (or contractual) framework and the quality of the cover pool serving as collateral. This monograph provides a structured in-depth analysis of the legal framework and the risks inherent in a Pfandbrief, taking into consideration recent market developments. Starting from the legal framework, the German Pfandbrief is introduced without requiring prior knowledge. Covered bond related risks are explained in detail and their relevance to the Pfandbrief is thoroughly discussed with focus on the two most common Pfandbrief types, mortgage and public Pfandbriefe. In addition to that, the monograph comes with an extensive collection of Pfandbrief-related literature and a glossary explaining the main technical terms.
Are Bunds special? This paper estimates the “Bund premium” as the difference in convenience yields between other sovereign safe assets and German government bonds adjusted for sovereign credit risk, liquidity and swap market frictions. A higher premium suggests less substitutability of sovereign bonds. We document a rise in the “Bund premium” in the post-crisis period. We show that there is a negative relationship of the premium with the relative supply of German sovereign bonds, which is more pronounced for higher maturities and when risk aversion proxied by bond market volatility is high. Going forward, we expect German government debt supply to remain scarce, with important implications for the ECB’s monetary policy strategy.
Covered Bond Handbook is the first comprehensive guide to these time-tested financing alternatives, helping you to take full advantage of these debt instruments.
Manuela Spangler deals with the default risk modelling of German covered bonds (Pfandbriefe). Existing credit risk models are not suitable for this purpose as they only consider the creditworthiness of the issuer while product-specific features are not taken into account. The author develops a multi-period simulation-based Pfandbrief model which adequately accounts for the product’s most important characteristics and risks. The model provides a flexible framework for structural analyses and can be easily extended for tailor-made investigations. While the focus of the work is on the specification of the model itself, simulation results from an exemplary model calibration are also discussed. About the Author Manuela Spangler works as a quantitative risk analyst for a large asset management company and holds a PhD in mathematics from the University of Augsburg. Prior to her current position, she worked as a risk manager and financial engineer in the banking and insurance sector for various years.
Despite exhibiting remarkable growth, the green bond market still represents less than 1 percent of the global bond market. This paper identifies two challenges that might slow the adoption of green bonds and presents a menu of responses that policymakers, regulators, and public financial institutions can use to offset these challenges. Specifically, it explores two key dimensions: (i) the risk profile of the green bond instrument and (ii) the transaction costs associated with issuance of and reporting on green bonds. New approaches to risk design and technology-based approaches are essential to untap the potential of green bond markets, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean and other developing regions. The incorporation of financial mechanisms such as covered bonds and guarantees can adequately address the risk of the issues, making the market more attractive for investors. Enhanced regulation and education and leveraging efficiencies of new technologies such as distributed ledger technologies can substantially reduce monitoring and reporting costs, while improving transparency in the use of proceeds and market integrity.

Germany

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Published: 2016-06-29

Total Pages: 118


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This paper evaluates the risks and vulnerabilities of the German financial system and reviews both the German regulatory and supervisory framework and implementation of the common European framework insofar as it is relevant for Germany. The country is home to two global systemically important financial institutions, Deutsche Bank AG and Allianz SE. The system is also very heterogeneous, with a range of business models and a large number of smaller banks and insurers. The regulatory landscape has changed profoundly with strengthened solvency and liquidity regulations for banks (the EU Capital Requirements Regulation and Directive IV), and the introduction of macroprudential tools.
The covered bonds markets are rapidly expanding in terms of issuance, geographic reach and the launch of new structured alternatives. New issue volumes exceeded 130bn euros by mid-October 2005 alone.Covered bonds are now being issued in new juisdictions across emerging Europe. The UK and the Netherlands are developing their own alternatives. The US and Canadian markets are poised for development.This new book guides you through the legislation, structures and investor opportunities in covered bonds, ensuring you understand these new developments across Europe and North America.
As part of the 2011 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) update for Germany, this Technical Note reviews recent developments of mortgage-covered bond (Pfandbrief) and mortgage securitization markets in Germany, and explores future prospects for each against the background of ongoing regulatory changes. It examines the characteristics of the two markets and their performance through the crisis, and analyzes some of the policy reactions that are currently tending to favor covered bonds over securitization. Some of the systemic vulnerabilities associated with covered bonds are also discussed.