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Extrinsic geometric flows are characterized by a submanifold evolving in an ambient space with velocity determined by its extrinsic curvature. The goal of this book is to give an extensive introduction to a few of the most prominent extrinsic flows, namely, the curve shortening flow, the mean curvature flow, the Gauß curvature flow, the inverse-mean curvature flow, and fully nonlinear flows of mean curvature and inverse-mean curvature type. The authors highlight techniques and behaviors that frequently arise in the study of these (and other) flows. To illustrate the broad applicability of the techniques developed, they also consider general classes of fully nonlinear curvature flows. The book is written at the level of a graduate student who has had a basic course in differential geometry and has some familiarity with partial differential equations. It is intended also to be useful as a reference for specialists. In general, the authors provide detailed proofs, although for some more specialized results they may only present the main ideas; in such cases, they provide references for complete proofs. A brief survey of additional topics, with extensive references, can be found in the notes and commentary at the end of each chapter.
Extrinsic geometric flows are characterized by a submanifold evolving in an ambient space with velocity determined by its extrinsic curvature. The goal of this book is to give an extensive introduction to a few of the most prominent extrinsic flows, namely, the curve shortening flow, the mean curvature flow, the Gauß curvature flow, the inverse-mean curvature flow, and fully nonlinear flows of mean curvature and inverse-mean curvature type. The authors highlight techniques and behaviors that frequently arise in the study of these (and other) flows. To illustrate the broad applicability of the techniques developed, they also consider general classes of fully nonlinear curvature flows. The book is written at the level of a graduate student who has had a basic course in differential geometry and has some familiarity with partial differential equations. It is intended also to be useful as a reference for specialists. In general, the authors provide detailed proofs, although for some more specialized results they may only present the main ideas; in such cases, they provide references for complete proofs. A brief survey of additional topics, with extensive references, can be found in the notes and commentary at the end of each chapter.
This book introduces the reader to important concepts in modern applied analysis, such as homogenization, gradient flows on metric spaces, geometric evolution, Gamma-convergence tools, applications of geometric measure theory, properties of interfacial energies, etc. This is done by tackling a prototypical problem of interfacial evolution in heterogeneous media, where these concepts are introduced and elaborated in a natural and constructive way. At the same time, the analysis introduces open issues of a general and fundamental nature, at the core of important applications. The focus on two-dimensional lattices as a prototype of heterogeneous media allows visual descriptions of concepts and methods through a large amount of illustrations.
This book consists of two lecture notes on geometric flow equations (O. Schnürer) and Lorentzian geometry - holonomy, spinors and Cauchy Problems (H. Baum and T. Leistner) written by leading experts in these fields. It grew out of the summer school “Geometric flows and the geometry of space-time” held in Hamburg (2016) and provides an excellent introduction for students of mathematics and theoretical physics to important themes of current research in global analysis, differential geometry and mathematical physics
Geometric flows have many applications in physics and geometry. The mean curvature flow occurs in the description of the interface evolution in certain physical models. This is related to the property that such a flow is the gradient flow of the area functional and therefore appears naturally in problems where a surface energy is minimized. The mean curvature flow also has many geometric applications, in analogy with the Ricci flow of metrics on abstract riemannian manifolds. One can use this flow as a tool to obtain classification results for surfaces satisfying certain curvature conditions, as well as to construct minimal surfaces. Geometric flows, obtained from solutions of geometric parabolic equations, can be considered as an alternative tool to prove isoperimetric inequalities. On the other hand, isoperimetric inequalities can help in treating several aspects of convergence of these flows. Isoperimetric inequalities have many applications in other fields of geometry, like hyperbolic manifolds.
This book aims to provide a self-contained introduction to the local geometry of the stochastic flows associated with stochastic differential equations. It stresses the view that the local geometry of any stochastic flow is determined very precisely and explicitly by a universal formula referred to as the Chen-Strichartz formula. The natural geometry associated with the Chen-Strichartz formula is the sub-Riemannian geometry whose main tools are introduced throughout the text. By using the connection between stochastic flows and partial differential equations, we apply this point of view of the study of hypoelliptic operators written in Hormander's form.
This book is devoted to geometric problems of foliation theory, in particular those related to extrinsic geometry, modern branch of Riemannian Geometry. The concept of mixed curvature is central to the discussion, and a version of the deep problem of the Ricci curvature for the case of mixed curvature of foliations is examined. The book is divided into five chapters that deal with integral and variation formulas and curvature and dynamics of foliations. Different approaches and methods (local and global, regular and singular) in solving the problems are described using integral and variation formulas, extrinsic geometric flows, generalizations of the Ricci and scalar curvatures, pseudo-Riemannian and metric-affine geometries, and 'computable' Finsler metrics. The book presents the state of the art in geometric and analytical theory of foliations as a continuation of the authors' life-long work in extrinsic geometry. It is designed for newcomers to the field as well as experienced geometers working in Riemannian geometry, foliation theory, differential topology, and a wide range of researchers in differential equations and their applications. It may also be a useful supplement to postgraduate level work and can inspire new interesting topics to explore.
The aim of this book is to present the fundamental concepts and properties of the geodesic flow of a closed Riemannian manifold. The topics covered are close to my research interests. An important goal here is to describe properties of the geodesic flow which do not require curvature assumptions. A typical example of such a property and a central result in this work is Mane's formula that relates the topological entropy of the geodesic flow with the exponential growth rate of the average numbers of geodesic arcs between two points in the manifold. The material here can be reasonably covered in a one-semester course. I have in mind an audience with prior exposure to the fundamentals of Riemannian geometry and dynamical systems. I am very grateful for the assistance and criticism of several people in preparing the text. In particular, I wish to thank Leonardo Macarini and Nelson Moller who helped me with the writing of the first two chapters and the figures. Gonzalo Tomaria caught several errors and contributed with helpful suggestions. Pablo Spallanzani wrote solutions to several of the exercises. I have used his solutions to write many of the hints and answers. I also wish to thank the referee for a very careful reading of the manuscript and for a large number of comments with corrections and suggestions for improvement.