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Seeds are a vital part of life on earth. They are fundamental for plant reproduction, and many seeds play an important role in the diet of man and domestic and wild animals. Knowledge of the appearance of seeds - seed morphology - is of great importance to botany and seed identification in relation to: seed setting, quarantine work, forensic work, seed poisening, studies of seed dispersal, seed banks and archaeological studies.;This bibliography contains 3775 references and is divided in two parts: handbooks, and articles and monographs. In the latter the bibliographical reference is supplemented by information of importance to seed identificaiton: genera mentioned in articles, keys, descriptions, drawings, photograph, scanning electron micrographs, anatomy and chemical methods. The index of authors contains the names of an extensive number of authors, cited in the bibliography, and in the index of genera more than 3900 genera, described in one or more of the publications are cited.
Secondary pollen presentation is presentation of pollen to vectors by structures other than anthers, either passively or via a specialized protection and delivery system. The main part of the book describes secondary pollen presentation genus-by-genus in 25 families. The subject has never been extensively reviewed, although secondary pollen presentation occurs in the largest family of flowering plants, the Asteraceae (Compositae), and a large family of great economic importance, the Leguminosae. Now material from the scattered literature is brought together and supplemented with original observations. Many species are illustrated and each family is individually discussed. The last two chapters provide an overview of the whole topic. All the main functions that secondary pollen presentation may perform can be carried out in other plants without it. It is concluded from this that the evolution of secondary pollen presentation has been subject to constraint and canalization. The floral biology of most plants with secondary pollen presentation has not been adequately studied. Appendix 1 points to a wide range of topics on which research at various technical and academic levels is needed. The book should also become a reference work for morphologists, systematists, and floral ecologists.