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Using data from the SUGAR and the AGASA experiments taken during a 10 yr period with nearly uniform exposure to the entire sky, we search for anisotropy patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies> 10{sup 19.6} eV. We determine the angular power spectrum from an expansion in spherical harmonics for modes out to l = 5. Based on available statistics, we find no significant deviation from isotropy. We compare the rather modest results which can be extracted from existing data samples with the results that should be forthcoming as new full-sky observatories begin operation.
This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
When searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, one must estimate the number of events expected in each direction of the sky in the case of a perfect isotropy. We present in this article a new method, developed for the Auger Observatory, based on a smooth estimate of the zenith angle distribution obtained from the data itself (which is essentially unchanged in the case of the presence of a large scale anisotropy pattern). We also study the sensitivity of several methods to detect large-scale anisotropies in the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution : Rayleigh analysis, dipole fitting and angular power spectrum estimation.
The Marcel Grossmann meetings were conceived to promote theoretical understanding in the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics and to direct future technological, observational, and experimental efforts. They review recent developments in gravitation and general relativity, with major emphasis on mathematical foundations and physical predictions. Their main objective is to bring together scientists from diverse backgrounds and their range of topics is broad, from more abstract classical theory and quantum gravity and strings to more concrete relativistic astrophysics observations and modeling.This Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting was organized by an international committee composed of D Blair, Y Choquet-Bruhat, D Christodoulou, T Damour, J Ehlers, F Everitt, Fang Li Zhi, S Hawking, Y Ne'eman, R Ruffini (chair), H Sato, R Sunyaev, and S Weinberg and backed by an international coordinating committee of about 135 members from scientific institutions representing 54 countries. The scientific program included 29 morning plenary talks during 6 days, and 57 parallel sessions over five afternoons, during which roughly 500 papers were presented.These three volumes of the proceedings of MG10 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitation, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments.
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid cosmic ray detector located in the high plains of Argentina. It comprises an array of water-Cherenkov stations overlooked by four fluorescence detector sites and was designed and built for the purpose of studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays (>1018 eV). Due to the distribution of cosmic ray energies following a power law, in the process of studying these high energy events, the observatory also collects vast amounts of data on lower energy cosmic ray events. The low solar activity of the 2006 to 2009 period presents an opportunity to study the behaviour of the very low cosmic ray flux which would otherwise be overwhelmed by the solar wind during more active periods. This research aims to investigate the anisotropy in the low energy cosmic ray flux in the southern hemisphere using the calibration data for the Pierre Auger Observatory's surface detector. The energy ranges accessible via these calibration data were determined via numerical simulation of both air shower propagation through the atmosphere as well as the surface detector response to the surface particles, and were found to be of the order of 100 GeV. Following corrections to remove atmospheric and other spurious effects, investigations into the anisotropy present in the data were performed in both solar and sidereal time, spanning periods of both low and high solar activity.