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This volume provides a comprehensive collection of classical and cutting edge protocols and techniques to examine the normal development and physiological functions of the gastrointestinal system and to model the most common digestive diseases. The chapters focus on diverse research topics including ex vivo systems to study gastrointestinal development and functions, in vivo imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, isolation and characterization of intestinal immune cells, and animal models of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. The Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases: Methods and Protocols book targets wide audience of physiologists, cell and developmental biologists, immunologists, and physician-scientists working in the field of gastroenterology and beyond. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Highly practical and clearly written, Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases: Methods and Protocols will serve both seasoned researchers as well as newcomers to the field and will provide a unique resource and expert guidance to modern laboratory techniques developed for examining normal functions and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The discovery of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and their development over the years has dramatically changed the management of acid-related diseases. Today, the therapeutic domain of PPIs ranges from relief of symptoms to cure of mucosal lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. PPIs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world and are now even available as over-the-counter medication. This publication presents the experience of the last 25 years during which PPIs have become of enormous value in gastroenterology. The authors provide an update on a variety of subjects, starting with an introduction to the discovery and development of PPIs. This is followed by chapters on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroprotection, Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment, peptic ulcer disease, functional dyspepsia, acid suppression in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. Readers who are interested in a current overview of PPIs and their various applications will find this book of great value.
The aim of this book is to present a concise yet instructive overview of the most common interventional and therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Although there exists a large amount of literature dealing with therapeutic endoscopy, this publication stands out for several reasons: To begin with, it has been written by a highly selected group of international experts who contribute their own tried and tested tips and tricks. The various techniques are described in a homogeneous fashion, making it easy for the endoscopist to single out the important aspects for his or her own practice. Moreover, the data presented follows evidence-based guidelines, but does not inundate the reader with confusing facts and numbers. Finally, the book is illustrated like an atlas, featuring real-life pictures enhanced by explanatory drawings and algorithms.
The aim of this book is to focus on problems unique to the feline alimentary tract in comparison to dogs and to discuss them in detail, but also to highlight areas where knowledge is lacking or can only be derived from comparison with other companion animal species or humans. Instead of being a comprehensive work of “all things GI” in the cat, this book aims to shine a light on topics that are novel, such as the microbiome or probiotics, and might not have been covered by other standard textbooks. This book focuses on “a medic’s perspective” on feline alimentary tract health, which starts with considering differential diagnoses in a structured way based on the most common clinical signs. It also includes the invaluable input from other specialties we so often draw on in clinical practice, namely laboratory diagnostics, diagnostic imaging, clinical pathology and histopathology, and nutrition, which can be a particular challenge in cats. It also covers feline-specific infectious and neoplastic diseases. Appropriate methods for retrieving adequate samples from organs of the alimentary tract in cats are discussed, and a particular focus on the challenges of differentiating inflammation from neoplasia is present in several chapters. Extra materials and videos are available on http://felinegastroenterology.edizioniedra.com
Decision Neuroscience addresses fundamental questions about how the brain makes perceptual, value-based, and more complex decisions in non-social and social contexts. This book presents compelling neuroimaging, electrophysiological, lesional, and neurocomputational models in combination with hormonal and genetic approaches, which have led to a clearer understanding of the neural mechanisms behind how the brain makes decisions. The five parts of the book address distinct but inter-related topics and are designed to serve both as classroom introductions to major subareas in decision neuroscience and as advanced syntheses of all that has been accomplished in the last decade. Part I is devoted to anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and optogenetics animal studies on reinforcement-guided decision making, such as the representation of instructions, expectations, and outcomes; the updating of action values; and the evaluation process guiding choices between prospective rewards. Part II covers the topic of the neural representations of motivation, perceptual decision making, and value-based decision making in humans, combining neurcomputational models and brain imaging studies. Part III focuses on the rapidly developing field of social decision neuroscience, integrating recent mechanistic understanding of social decisions in both non-human primates and humans. Part IV covers clinical aspects involving disorders of decision making that link together basic research areas including systems, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience; this part examines dysfunctions of decision making in neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, behavioral addictions, and focal brain lesions. Part V focuses on the roles of various hormones (cortisol, oxytocin, ghrelin/leptine) and genes that underlie inter-individual differences observed with stress, food choices, and social decision-making processes. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in decision making neuroscience. With contributions that are forward-looking assessments of the current and future issues faced by researchers, Decision Neuroscience is essential reading for anyone interested in decision-making neuroscience. - Provides comprehensive coverage of approaches to studying individual and social decision neuroscience, including primate neurophysiology, brain imaging in healthy humans and in various disorders, and genetic and hormonal influences on decision making - Covers multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms to neural-systems dynamics and computational models of how we make choices - Discusses clinical implications of process dysfunctions, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, and pathological gambling - Features chapters from top international researchers in the field and full-color presentation throughout with numerous illustrations to highlight key concepts
This volume represents Dr. Walker's efforts to integrate intestinal physiology and the mucosal immune system by providing the first comprehensive and systematic survey of information on the immunophysiology of the gut.