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Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia is a book series which presents comprehensive reviews about research on Dementia, - the loss of brain function associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other related medical conditions. The disease affects the parts of the brain that deal with memory, thought, and language. Chapters in each volume focus on drug research with special emphasis on clinical trials, research on drugs in advanced stages of development and cure for dementia and related disorders. This volume includes the following reviews: - Meeting the Challenges of Falls and Hip Fractures in People with Alzheimer’s Disease - Cholesterol in Brain Health and Pathologies - Advances in the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Dementia - Analytical Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Discovery - Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease through Nanomedicine - Current Challenges in Alzheimer’s Disease Research - Metals Linked to Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is undoubtedly the major health challenge of our Century with significant social and economic consequences. This Frontiers eBook offers a contribution of 39 innovative papers on the multidimensional and crucial problem of Alzheimer’s disease management and treatment. Several perspectives, research updates, and trials describing methods on potential diagnosis and treatment are presented including biological mechanisms, biomarkers and risk factors for an early and efficient prognosis, diagnosis and prevention. Additionally, while the rapidly increasing Alzheimer’s disease population demands holistic solutions and clinical studies with new therapeutic target approaches, several of the contributive papers present promising drugs targeting Alzheimer’s disease treatment. We give our deepest acknowledgment to all the authors for their important and innovative contributions, to the reviewers for their valuable recommendations on improving the submitting studies and all the Frontiers Editorial team for continuous support.
Among neurodegenerative diseases, those that lead to a state of dementia are the aim of several investigations. Dementia is a chronic disease the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. The number of dementia patients in the world is approximately 50 million, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 131.5 million by 2050. This increase will be accompanied by a significant increase in medical expenditures and other expenses, especially for elderly patients. Therefore, the maintenance cost of dementia in the future is expected to be quite high. For this reason, several investigations aim, firstly, to describe the key mechanisms involved in the origin of dementia and, secondly, to establish preventive and therapeutic strategies in order to understand and mitigate this debilitating pathology. This volume of Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia explores the current comorbidities that cause cognitive impairment and the current management alternatives for clinical cases of dementia. The reviews contributed in these volume will provide readers with a current perspective on the subject. The topics covered in this volume include: - Comorbidities inducing mild cognitive impairment - an evaluation of the risk caused by some pathological conditions - Tau-targeted therapy in Alzheimer's disease - history and current state - Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease - Implication of dehydroepiandrosterone on dementia related to oxidative stress - Polyphenol compounds as potential therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s disease The volume is a timely update on dementia treatment for clinical physicians, neurologists, gerontologists, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry researchers, and physiologists.
Altered metabolism is known to be associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Diabetes type 2, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for the development of dementias, including AD. These metabolic diseases may have a genetic predisposition, but most of them are caused by environmental factors and life-style. Most research has focused on the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sweetened beverages that induce obesity. Importantly, a HFD can also trigger oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and cognitive decline. Less is known, however, about beneficial effects of diet on cognition, such as slowing the progression or preventing AD by ingesting whole fruits, vegetables, fish and oil. It is important to highlight the difference between vitamin/mineral supplements and whole food, as it appears that the former are clinically ineffective, while multiple ingredients in the latter act synergistically to improve cognition. As AD is a disease of slow progression, therapies should start several decades before clinical symptoms can be observed; one strategy can be the ingestion of healthy food in those subjects with one or more risk factors (genetic, environmental, life-style) already in their 40s, just when some brain metabolic disturbances start to develop. This dietary therapy can overcome the increased reactive oxygen species, protein deposition and synaptic failure, characteristic of AD. This research topic will cover a range of research articles, case studies, opinion and mini-reviews, all focused on describing the damaging effects of an industrial diet on cognition as well as on highlighting the beneficial effects of a healthy diet to prevent AD. We believe that we still have time to fight against the negative impact of our industrialized cultures, and adopt better eating habits, increase exercise and slow down our life style to prevent increasing dementia in the aging population. Also, all these topics has been a product of intensives investigations, with a great life hope, and we hope you all enjoy reading this e-book.
The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
Provides a definitive overview of the complex ecosystem facilitating Alzheimer's Disease drug research and development. Demonstrates a drug's journey from in the lab, clinical trial testing, regulatory review, and marketing by pharmaceutical companies. Details the use of artificial intelligence, clinical trial management, and financing models.
As the largest generation in U.S. history - the population born in the two decades immediately following World War II - enters the age of risk for cognitive impairment, growing numbers of people will experience dementia (including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias). By one estimate, nearly 14 million people in the United States will be living with dementia by 2060. Like other hardships, the experience of living with dementia can bring unexpected moments of intimacy, growth, and compassion, but these diseases also affect people's capacity to work and carry out other activities and alter their relationships with loved ones, friends, and coworkers. Those who live with and care for individuals experiencing these diseases face challenges that include physical and emotional stress, difficult changes and losses in their relationships with life partners, loss of income, and interrupted connections to other activities and friends. From a societal perspective, these diseases place substantial demands on communities and on the institutions and government entities that support people living with dementia and their families, including the health care system, the providers of direct care, and others. Nevertheless, research in the social and behavioral sciences points to possibilities for preventing or slowing the development of dementia and for substantially reducing its social and economic impacts. At the request of the National Institute on Aging of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America assesses the contributions of research in the social and behavioral sciences and identifies a research agenda for the coming decade. This report offers a blueprint for the next decade of behavioral and social science research to reduce the negative impact of dementia for America's diverse population. Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America calls for research that addresses the causes and solutions for disparities in both developing dementia and receiving adequate treatment and support. It calls for research that sets goals meaningful not just for scientists but for people living with dementia and those who support them as well. By 2030, an estimated 8.5 million Americans will have Alzheimer's disease and many more will have other forms of dementia. Through identifying priorities social and behavioral science research and recommending ways in which they can be pursued in a coordinated fashion, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America will help produce research that improves the lives of all those affected by dementia.
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis that leads to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important therefore to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models on neurological disorders. This book presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress. This information will provide clinicians with directions to treat these disorders with appropriate therapy and is also of vital importance for the drug industries for the design of new drugs for treatment of degenerative disorders.* Contains the latest information on the subject of neurodegenerative disorders* Reflects on various factors involved in degeneration and gives suggestions for how to tackle these problems
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a book series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and other nerve disorders. The scope of the book series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in neurological and CNS disorders. Reviews presented in the series are mainly focused on clinical and therapeutic aspects of novel drugs intended for these targets. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of neurology. The ninth volume of this series features reviews that cover the following topics related to the treatment of a different CNS disorders, related diseases and basic neuropharmacology research: - Integrating imaging and microdialysis into systems neuropharmacology - Depression heterogeneity and the potential of a transdiagnostic and dimensional approach to identify biologically relevant phenotypes - CAR-T cells in brain tumors and autoimmune diseases – from basics to the clinic - Revaluation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its mimetics as candidates for treating a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders - Natural BACE1 inhibitors: promising drugs for the management of Alzheimer’s disease - The possibilities of safe lithium therapy in the treatment of neurological and psychoemotional disorders - Pharmacotherapy of multiple sclerosis and treatment strategies